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Random Mnemonic > Mnemonic > Flashcards

Mnemonic Flashcards

1
Q

Felty syndrome (component) - SANTA
-Rare haematological syndrome

A

Splenomegaly
Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Arthritis (Rheumatoid)

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2
Q

MRI blood signal
GWB - George Washington Bridge
Oreo cookie

A

GWB - T1
1-2 days: Grey (isointense)
2-7 days: White (hyperintense)
7-28 days: Black (hypointense)

Oreo - T2
1-2days: Black (hypointense)
2-7days: White (hyperintense)
7-28days: Black (hypointense)

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3
Q

Pituitary region mass - SATCHMO

A

Sarcoid
Aneurysm
Teratoma / TB / other granulomatous disease
Craniopharyngioma / cleft cyst (Rathke) / chordoma
Hypothalamic glioma / Harmatoma of tuber fine rum / Histiocytosis
Meningioma / Metastasis
Optic nerve glioma

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4
Q

CPA mass +/- destruction of petrous bone - A2M2EN2 + C3

A

Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) / Apical petrositis
Meningioma / Metastases
Epithelial cyst (arachnoid cyst / epidermoid)
Neuroma of trigeminal nerve / Nasopharygeal CA

Chordoma / Congenital Cholesteatoma / Cholesterol granuloma

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5
Q

Basilar invagination - PF ROACH
(Tip of odontoid process above McRae’s line suggesting basilar invagination)

A

Paget’s / Progeria
Fibrous dysplasia

Rickets
Osteogenesis imperfecta / Osteomalacia
Achondroplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Hydrocephalus / Hypophosphatasia

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6
Q

Posterior cranial fossa masses (cystic) - BE MACHO

A

Brainstem glioma (anterior to 4th V)
Ependymoma (floor/ventral 4th)

Medulloblastoma (roof of 4th/vermis)
Astrocytoma cystic (Pilocytic) (Cerebellum hemisphere)
Choroid plexus papilloma (hydro)
Haemangioblastoma (VHL)
Other - Met

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7
Q

Opacities sinuses - PLUMP FACIES

A

Polyps* (inflammatory sinus disease)
Lymphoma
Unknown* (autoimmune, Wegner’s granulomatosis)
Metastases / Melanoma / Minor Salivary gland tumour / Mucocoele*
Plasmacytoma

Fungal* / Fibrous dysplasia
Angiofibroma / Aneurysmal bone cyst
Chondroid lesions (Chondromatosis / Chondrosarcoma)
Inverted papilloma
Esthesioneuroblastoma
SCC / SNUC / Sarcoma

Other (Osseous lesions / Osteoma / Osteoblastoma etc)

SNUC = sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma

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8
Q

Tuberous sclerosis - GARNETS

A

Giant cell astrocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Rhabdomyomyoma
Nodules subependymal
Erythema sebaceous
Tubers
Seizures

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9
Q

Wormian bones - PORK-CHOP

A

Pyknodysostosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Rickets
Kinky Hair Syndrome

Cleiodocranial dysostosis
Hypothyroidism / Hypophosphatasia
One too many chromosome (Downs 21)
Primary acro-osteolysis

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10
Q

CHARGE

A

Coloboma
Heart defect
Atresia (Choanal)
Retarded growth
Genitourinary abnormalities
Ear anomalies

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11
Q

PHACES
7% of pt with subglottic hemangioma have PHACE syndromes

A

Posterior fossa (Dandy-Walker)
Hemangioma
Arterial anomalies
Coarctation of aorta, cardiac defects
Eye abnormalities
Subglottic hemangioma / Sternal cleft / Supraumbilical raphe

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12
Q

VACTERL

A

Vertebral anomalies (37%)
Anal (imperforate anus (63%)
Cardiac (77%)
TE - Tracheoesophageal fistula or Esophageal atresia (40%)
Renal (72%)
Limb (radial ray) - 58%

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13
Q

Vertebra plana - I MELT

A

Infection

Metastasis / Myeloma
Eosinophilic granuloma
Lymphoma / Leukaemia
Trauma / TB

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14
Q

Carney’s triad - Carney’s Eat Garbage

A

Chondromatosis (pulmonary)
Extra adrenal phew
GIST

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15
Q

Lung CAVITY

A

Cancer (SCC)
Autoimmune (Wegner’s Rheumatoid)
Vascular (septic emboli)
Infection (TB)
Trauma (pneumatocele)
Young / Congenital (CPAM)

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16
Q

T2 dark renal cyst - HeLP

A

Hemorrhagic cyst
Lipid-poor AML
Papillary RCC

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17
Q

Cortical nephrocalcinosis - COAG

A

Cortical necrosis
Oxalosis
Alpert syndrome
(Chronic) Glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

Medullary nephrocalcinosis - HAM HOP

A

Hyperparathyroidism
A (renal tubular) acidosis
Medullary sponge kidney

Hypercalcaemia / hypercalciuria
Oxalosis
Papillary necrosis

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19
Q

MEN1 - 3P
MEN2a - 1M2P
MEN2b - 2M1P

A

MEN1 - Pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma), Parathyroid hyperplasia, Pancreatic tumour (gastrinoma)
MEN2a - Medullary thyroid cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia
MEN2b - Medullary thyroid cancer, Marfanoid habitus/mucosal neuroma, Pheochromocytoma

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20
Q

Causes of Charcot joint - 6s

A

Sugar
Syphillis
Steroid
Syringomyelia
Spinal cord injury
Spina bifida
Scleroderma
Scary disease (leprosy)
Spirit (alcohol)

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21
Q

Features of Charcot joint - 6d

A

Density change (subchondral osteopenia or sclerosis)
Destruction (osseous fragmentation and resorption)
Debris (intra-articulations loose body)
Distension (joint effusion)
Disorganization and Dislocation (joint malalignment due to ligamentous laxity)

22
Q

Ivory vertebra - LIMPH

A

Lymphoma (usually Hodgkin)
Infection (TB spondylitis)
Metastasis (osteoblastic)
Pagets
Hemangioma

23
Q

Bony sequestration - LIFE

A

Lymphoma
Infection
Fibrosarcoma
Eosinophilia granuloma

24
Q

Acro-osteolysis - PINCH FO

A

Psoriasis/pyknodysostosis
Injury
Neuropathy (diabetes)
Collagen vascular disease (scleroderma, Raynaud disease)
Hyperparathyroidism

Familial (eg: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome)
Other eg: polyvinyl chloride exposure, progeria)

25
Q

Diffuse bony sclerosis - 3M’s PROOF

A

Malignancy (met, lymphoma, leukaemia)
Myelofibrosis
Mastocytosis
Sickle cell disease
Paget’s/pyknodysostosis
Renal osteodystrophy
Osteopetrosis
Other: sclerotic dysplasia (osteopoikilosis, osteopathia striata, melorheostosis), hypoparathyroidism,hyperthyroidism
Fluorosis

26
Q

Bochdalek hernia - 5B

A

Bochdalek
Big
Back and lateral, usually on the left side
Baby
Bad (Pulmonary hypoplasia)

Morgagni - more often on the right

27
Q

Dense transverse metaphysical line - DENSE LINES

A

D - D-vitamin intoxication
E - element/heavy metal eg: lead, phosphorus
N - normal variant
S - systemic illness
E - estrogen to mother during pregnancy

L - leukaemia, lymphoma
I - infection eg: TORCH, idiopathic hypocalcaemia
N - never forget healed rickets
E - early hypothyroidism (crestism)
S - scurvy, congenital syphilis, sickle cell

28
Q

Lucent metaphysical lines - LINING

A

L - leukaemia, lymphoma
I - infection eg: TORCH
N - normal variant
I - illness systemic (scurvy, ricket)
N - neuroblastoma (met)
G - growth arrest lines

29
Q

Osteolysis of distal clavicle - SHIRT Pocket

A

S - scleroderma
H - hyperparathyroidism
I - infection eg: OM
R - Rheumatoid
T - trauma

P - progeria
O -
K -
E -
T -

30
Q

Bladder calcification - SCRITT

A

S - schistosomiasis
C - cytotoxic
R - radiation
I - interstitial cystitis
T - TB
T - TCC

31
Q

Intracranial hypotension - SEEPS

A

S - subdural collection
E - enhancement of pachymeninges
E - engorgement of venous sinuses
P - pituitary hyperaemia
S - sagging brain

T2 fat sat - show SLEC (Spinal longitudinal epidural collection)

32
Q

Cortical nephrocalcinosis - GOAT

A

G - (chronic) glomerulonephritis
O - oxalosis
A - Alport syndrome/acute cortical necrosis
T - (chronic) transplant rejection

33
Q

MARFANS

A

M - mitral valve prolapse
A - aortic dissection / aneurysm
R - regurgitant aortic valve / retinal detachment
F - fibrillin-1
A - arm span > height / atachnodactyly
N - near-sightless / nasal voice (high-arched palate)
S - scoliosis / subluxed lens / scaphocephaly (aka dolichocephaly, premature closure of sagittal suture, inverted boat)

Other spine manifestations:
-dural ectasia, enlarged sacral foramina, meningocoele, vertebral scalloping

34
Q

Erlenmeyer flask deformity - AP OF DR GHLN
classically distal end of femur

A

Achondroplasia
Pyle disease (metaphyseal dysplasia) & craniometaphyseal dysplasia
Osteopetrosis, osteochondromatosis
Fibrous dysplasia
Down syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis, rickets
Goucher disease
Hypophosphatasia, haemoglobinopathies (thalassaemia, sickle cell)
Leukaemia, lead poisoning
Neiman-Pick disease

35
Q

Bone within bone (GHOST DRAGON)

A

Growth arrest line
Heavy metal, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism
Osteopetrosis
Sickle cell anaemia, scurvy, syphillis
Thalassaemia, tuberculosis
Disease of Caffey, hypervitaminosis D
Rickets, radiation therapy
Acromegaly
Gaucherie disease
Oxalosis
Normal

36
Q

Von Hippel Lindau - HIPPEL

A

Haemangioblastoma
Increased risk of RCC
Phaeochromocytoma
Pancreatic lesions (cysts, cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour)
Eye and ear dysfunction (retinal haemangioblastoma, endolymphatic sac tumour)
Liver and Renal, cysts

37
Q

NF2 - rules of 2
MISME

A

NF2
Chr22q12
Bilateral vestibular schwannoma
Present in 20-40 yo (around 20)
Prevalence: 1/25,000

38
Q

NF1 - CAFE SPOT

A

> 6 cafe au lait spots evident during one year (prepubertal > 0.5 cm, postpubertal >1.5 cm)
Axillary/inguinal freckling
Fibroma: 2/> neurofibroma or 1 plexiform neurofibroma
Eye harmatoma/Lisch nodule

Skeletal dysplasia: sphenoid wind dysplasia, leg bowing
Positive family history
OT - Optic nerve glioma

39
Q

VIPoma

A

Watery diarrhea
Hypokalaemia
Achlorhydria

40
Q

POTTER syndrome

A

P: Pulmonary hypoplasia
O: oligohydramnia
T: twisted skin (wrinkly skin)
T: twisted face (low set ears, retrognathia, hypertelorism)
E: extremities deformities (club hands, feet’s, joint contracture)
R: renal agenesis, IUGR

41
Q

Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax - CRAWLS

A

C - contralateral lung increased density (pleural effusion)
R - rotation
A - air (pneumothorax)
W - wall (chest wall mass, mastectomy, polio, Poland syndrome, surgical removal of pectoralis muscle)
L - lungs (airway obstruction, emphysema, Swyer-James syndrome, unilateral large bull are, large PE when Westermark sign present)
S - Scoliosis

42
Q

Posterior vertebral scalloping - SALMON

A

S - spinal cord tumour (eg: astrocytoma, ependymoma, schwannoma, paraganglioma, lipoma; intraspinal cyst eg: dermoid, epidermoid)
A - achondroplasia, acromegaly
L - Loeys-Dietz syndrome (and other connective tissue disorders eg: Euler Danilo’s disease)
M - Marfan’s syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses
O - osteogenesis imperfecta
N - NF 1

43
Q

Anterior scalloping - RAD

A

R - retroperitoneum LN (eg: TB, lymphoma, chronic leukaemia)
A - AAA
D - Down’s syndrome

44
Q

Chondrocalcinosis - HOGWASH

A

H - hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, haemophilia
O - ochronosis
G - gout
W - Wilson disease
A - Arthritis (Rheumatoid, postinfectious, traumatic, degenerative), amyloidosis, acromegaly
S - pseudogout
H - haemachromatosis

45
Q

Basal ganglia T2 hyperintensity - LINT

A

L - lymphoma
I - ischaemia (hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, venous infarct), infection (Japanese encephalitis/flavivirus)
N - neurodegenrative (autoimmune encephalitis, CJD)
T - toxin (carbon monoxide, cyanide, methanol, organophosphate)

M - Metabolic (extrapontine myelinolysis, Huntington, mitochondrial, Wilson, hepatic, uraemia, hypoglycaemic)

46
Q

Basal ganglia T2 hypointensity - ChOMP

A

Ch - childhood hypoxia
O - old age
M - multiple sclerosis
P - Parkinson (more in globes pallidus), Parkinson-plus (more in putamen)

Haemosiderin
Calcium

47
Q

Basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity

A

Calcium
Wilson (copper)
Hepatic encephalopathies

Toxic/ischamia - carbon monoxide, hypoxia, manganese, hyperglycamemia)

Blood - infarct, haemorrhage

Fabry disease, Japanese encephalitis, neurofibroma NF1

48
Q

Idiopathic Intracranial hypertension - MOVES

A

M - Meckel’s cave enlargement
O - optic disc protrusion
V - venous sinus stenosis
E - empty sella
S - slit-like ventricles

49
Q

Calcifying metastases - BOTOM

A

B - breast cancer
O - osteosarcoma
T - papillary thyroid cancer
O - ovarian cancer
M - mucinous adenocarcinoma (colorectal carcinoma)

50
Q

Causes of oligohydramnio - DRIPPC

A

D - demise, drugs
R - renal agenesis, dysplasia, MCDK, PUV, PCKD, urethral atresia
I - IUGR
P - PROM
P - post dates
C - chromosomal anomalies -13, 18, triploidy

51
Q

PROTrusio acetabuli

A

P - Paget
R - Rheumatoid arthritis (and other arthritis eg: juvenile, OA, AS, crystal arthropathy)
O - osteogenesis imperfecta, osteomalacia
T - trauma

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