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Mnemonic Flashcards

1
Q

Felty syndrome (component) - SANTA
-Rare haematological syndrome

A

Splenomegaly
Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Arthritis (Rheumatoid)

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2
Q

MRI blood signal
GWB - George Washington Bridge
Oreo cookie

A

GWB - T1
1-2 days: Grey (isointense)
2-7 days: White (hyperintense)
7-28 days: Black (hypointense)

Oreo - T2
1-2days: Black (hypointense)
2-7days: White (hyperintense)
7-28days: Black (hypointense)

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3
Q

Pituitary region mass - SATCHMO

A

Sarcoid
Aneurysm
Teratoma / TB / other granulomatous disease
Craniopharyngioma / cleft cyst (Rathke) / chordoma
Hypothalamic glioma / Harmatoma of tuber fine rum / Histiocytosis
Meningioma / Metastasis
Optic nerve glioma

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4
Q

CPA mass +/- destruction of petrous bone - A2M2EN2 + C3

A

Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) / Apical petrositis
Meningioma / Metastases
Epithelial cyst (arachnoid cyst / epidermoid)
Neuroma of trigeminal nerve / Nasopharygeal CA

Chordoma / Congenital Cholesteatoma / Cholesterol granuloma

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5
Q

Basilar invagination - PF ROACH
(Tip of odontoid process above McRae’s line suggesting basilar invagination)

A

Paget’s / Progeria
Fibrous dysplasia

Rickets
Osteogenesis imperfecta / Osteomalacia
Achondroplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Hydrocephalus / Hypophosphatasia

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6
Q

Posterior cranial fossa masses (cystic) - BE MACHO

A

Brainstem glioma (anterior to 4th V)
Ependymoma (floor/ventral 4th)

Medulloblastoma (roof of 4th/vermis)
Astrocytoma cystic (Pilocytic) (Cerebellum hemisphere)
Choroid plexus papilloma (hydro)
Haemangioblastoma (VHL)
Other - Met

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7
Q

Opacities sinuses - PLUMP FACIES

A

Polyps* (inflammatory sinus disease)
Lymphoma
Unknown* (autoimmune, Wegner’s granulomatosis)
Metastases / Melanoma / Minor Salivary gland tumour / Mucocoele*
Plasmacytoma

Fungal* / Fibrous dysplasia
Angiofibroma / Aneurysmal bone cyst
Chondroid lesions (Chondromatosis / Chondrosarcoma)
Inverted papilloma
Esthesioneuroblastoma
SCC / SNUC / Sarcoma

Other (Osseous lesions / Osteoma / Osteoblastoma etc)

SNUC = sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma

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8
Q

Tuberous sclerosis - GARNETS

A

Giant cell astrocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Rhabdomyomyoma
Nodules subependymal
Erythema sebaceous
Tubers
Seizures

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9
Q

Wormian bones - PORK-CHOP

A

Pyknodysostosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Rickets
Kinky Hair Syndrome

Cleiodocranial dysostosis
Hypothyroidism / Hypophosphatasia
One too many chromosome (Downs 21)
Primary acro-osteolysis

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10
Q

CHARGE

A

Coloboma
Heart defect
Atresia (Choanal)
Retarded growth
Genitourinary abnormalities
Ear anomalies

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11
Q

PHACES
7% of pt with subglottic hemangioma have PHACE syndromes

A

Posterior fossa (Dandy-Walker)
Hemangioma
Arterial anomalies
Coarctation of aorta, cardiac defects
Eye abnormalities
Subglottic hemangioma / Sternal cleft / Supraumbilical raphe

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12
Q

VACTERL

A

Vertebral anomalies (37%)
Anal (imperforate anus (63%)
Cardiac (77%)
TE - Tracheoesophageal fistula or Esophageal atresia (40%)
Renal (72%)
Limb (radial ray) - 58%

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13
Q

Vertebra plana - I MELT

A

Infection

Metastasis / Myeloma
Eosinophilic granuloma
Lymphoma / Leukaemia
Trauma / TB

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14
Q

Carney’s triad - Carney’s Eat Garbage

A

Chondromatosis (pulmonary)
Extra adrenal phew
GIST

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15
Q

Lung CAVITY

A

Cancer (SCC)
Autoimmune (Wegner’s Rheumatoid)
Vascular (septic emboli)
Infection (TB)
Trauma (pneumatocele)
Young / Congenital (CPAM)

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16
Q

T2 dark renal cyst - HeLP

A

Hemorrhagic cyst
Lipid-poor AML
Papillary RCC

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17
Q

Cortical nephrocalcinosis - COAG

A

Cortical necrosis
Oxalosis
Alpert syndrome
(Chronic) Glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

Medullary nephrocalcinosis - HAM HOP

A

Hyperparathyroidism
A (renal tubular) acidosis
Medullary sponge kidney

Hypercalcaemia / hypercalciuria
Oxalosis
Papillary necrosis

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19
Q

MEN1 - 3P
MEN2a - 1M2P
MEN2b - 2M1P

A

MEN1 - Pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma), Parathyroid hyperplasia, Pancreatic tumour (gastrinoma)
MEN2a - Medullary thyroid cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia
MEN2b - Medullary thyroid cancer, Marfanoid habitus/mucosal neuroma, Pheochromocytoma

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20
Q

Causes of Charcot joint - 6s

A

Sugar
Syphillis
Steroid
Syringomyelia
Spinal cord injury
Spina bifida
Scleroderma
Scary disease (leprosy)
Spirit (alcohol)

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21
Q

Features of Charcot joint - 6d

A

Density change (subchondral osteopenia or sclerosis)
Destruction (osseous fragmentation and resorption)
Debris (intra-articulations loose body)
Distension (joint effusion)
Disorganization and Dislocation (joint malalignment due to ligamentous laxity)

22
Q

Ivory vertebra - LIMPH

A

Lymphoma (usually Hodgkin)
Infection (TB spondylitis)
Metastasis (osteoblastic)
Pagets
Hemangioma

23
Q

Bony sequestration - LIFE

A

Lymphoma
Infection
Fibrosarcoma
Eosinophilia granuloma

24
Q

Acro-osteolysis - PINCH FO

A

Psoriasis/pyknodysostosis
Injury
Neuropathy (diabetes)
Collagen vascular disease (scleroderma, Raynaud disease)
Hyperparathyroidism

Familial (eg: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome)
Other eg: polyvinyl chloride exposure, progeria)

25
Diffuse bony sclerosis - 3M’s PROOF
Malignancy (met, lymphoma, leukaemia) Myelofibrosis Mastocytosis Sickle cell disease Paget’s/pyknodysostosis Renal osteodystrophy Osteopetrosis Other: sclerotic dysplasia (osteopoikilosis, osteopathia striata, melorheostosis), hypoparathyroidism,hyperthyroidism Fluorosis
26
Bochdalek hernia - 5B
Bochdalek Big Back and lateral, usually on the left side Baby Bad (Pulmonary hypoplasia) Morgagni - more often on the right
27
Dense transverse metaphysical line - DENSE LINES
D - D-vitamin intoxication E - element/heavy metal eg: lead, phosphorus N - normal variant S - systemic illness E - estrogen to mother during pregnancy L - leukaemia, lymphoma I - infection eg: TORCH, idiopathic hypocalcaemia N - never forget healed rickets E - early hypothyroidism (crestism) S - scurvy, congenital syphilis, sickle cell
28
Lucent metaphysical lines - LINING
L - leukaemia, lymphoma I - infection eg: TORCH N - normal variant I - illness systemic (scurvy, ricket) N - neuroblastoma (met) G - growth arrest lines
29
Osteolysis of distal clavicle - SHIRT Pocket
S - scleroderma H - hyperparathyroidism I - infection eg: OM R - Rheumatoid T - trauma P - progeria O - K - E - T -
30
Bladder calcification - SCRITT
S - schistosomiasis C - cytotoxic R - radiation I - interstitial cystitis T - TB T - TCC
31
Intracranial hypotension - SEEPS
S - subdural collection E - enhancement of pachymeninges E - engorgement of venous sinuses P - pituitary hyperaemia S - sagging brain T2 fat sat - show SLEC (Spinal longitudinal epidural collection)
32
Cortical nephrocalcinosis - GOAT
G - (chronic) glomerulonephritis O - oxalosis A - Alport syndrome/acute cortical necrosis T - (chronic) transplant rejection
33
MARFANS
M - mitral valve prolapse A - aortic dissection / aneurysm R - regurgitant aortic valve / retinal detachment F - fibrillin-1 A - arm span > height / atachnodactyly N - near-sightless / nasal voice (high-arched palate) S - scoliosis / subluxed lens / scaphocephaly (aka dolichocephaly, premature closure of sagittal suture, inverted boat) Other spine manifestations: -dural ectasia, enlarged sacral foramina, meningocoele, vertebral scalloping
34
Erlenmeyer flask deformity - AP OF DR GHLN classically distal end of femur
Achondroplasia Pyle disease (metaphyseal dysplasia) & craniometaphyseal dysplasia Osteopetrosis, osteochondromatosis Fibrous dysplasia Down syndrome Rheumatoid arthritis, rickets Goucher disease Hypophosphatasia, haemoglobinopathies (thalassaemia, sickle cell) Leukaemia, lead poisoning Neiman-Pick disease
35
Bone within bone (GHOST DRAGON)
Growth arrest line Heavy metal, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism Osteopetrosis Sickle cell anaemia, scurvy, syphillis Thalassaemia, tuberculosis Disease of Caffey, hypervitaminosis D Rickets, radiation therapy Acromegaly Gaucherie disease Oxalosis Normal
36
Von Hippel Lindau - HIPPEL
Haemangioblastoma Increased risk of RCC Phaeochromocytoma Pancreatic lesions (cysts, cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour) Eye and ear dysfunction (retinal haemangioblastoma, endolymphatic sac tumour) Liver and Renal, cysts
37
NF2 - rules of 2 MISME
NF2 Chr22q12 Bilateral vestibular schwannoma Present in 20-40 yo (around 20) Prevalence: 1/25,000
38
NF1 - CAFE SPOT
>6 cafe au lait spots evident during one year (prepubertal > 0.5 cm, postpubertal >1.5 cm) Axillary/inguinal freckling Fibroma: 2/> neurofibroma or 1 plexiform neurofibroma Eye harmatoma/Lisch nodule Skeletal dysplasia: sphenoid wind dysplasia, leg bowing Positive family history OT - Optic nerve glioma
39
VIPoma
Watery diarrhea Hypokalaemia Achlorhydria
40
POTTER syndrome
P: Pulmonary hypoplasia O: oligohydramnia T: twisted skin (wrinkly skin) T: twisted face (low set ears, retrognathia, hypertelorism) E: extremities deformities (club hands, feet’s, joint contracture) R: renal agenesis, IUGR
41
Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax - CRAWLS
C - contralateral lung increased density (pleural effusion) R - rotation A - air (pneumothorax) W - wall (chest wall mass, mastectomy, polio, Poland syndrome, surgical removal of pectoralis muscle) L - lungs (airway obstruction, emphysema, Swyer-James syndrome, unilateral large bull are, large PE when Westermark sign present) S - Scoliosis
42
Posterior vertebral scalloping - SALMON
S - spinal cord tumour (eg: astrocytoma, ependymoma, schwannoma, paraganglioma, lipoma; intraspinal cyst eg: dermoid, epidermoid) A - achondroplasia, acromegaly L - Loeys-Dietz syndrome (and other connective tissue disorders eg: Euler Danilo’s disease) M - Marfan’s syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses O - osteogenesis imperfecta N - NF 1
43
Anterior scalloping - RAD
R - retroperitoneum LN (eg: TB, lymphoma, chronic leukaemia) A - AAA D - Down’s syndrome
44
Chondrocalcinosis - HOGWASH
H - hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, haemophilia O - ochronosis G - gout W - Wilson disease A - Arthritis (Rheumatoid, postinfectious, traumatic, degenerative), amyloidosis, acromegaly S - pseudogout H - haemachromatosis
45
Basal ganglia T2 hyperintensity - LINT
L - lymphoma I - ischaemia (hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, venous infarct), infection (Japanese encephalitis/flavivirus) N - neurodegenrative (autoimmune encephalitis, CJD) T - toxin (carbon monoxide, cyanide, methanol, organophosphate) M - Metabolic (extrapontine myelinolysis, Huntington, mitochondrial, Wilson, hepatic, uraemia, hypoglycaemic)
46
Basal ganglia T2 hypointensity - ChOMP
Ch - childhood hypoxia O - old age M - multiple sclerosis P - Parkinson (more in globes pallidus), Parkinson-plus (more in putamen) Haemosiderin Calcium
47
Basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity
Calcium Wilson (copper) Hepatic encephalopathies Toxic/ischamia - carbon monoxide, hypoxia, manganese, hyperglycamemia) Blood - infarct, haemorrhage Fabry disease, Japanese encephalitis, neurofibroma NF1
48
Idiopathic Intracranial hypertension - MOVES
M - Meckel’s cave enlargement O - optic disc protrusion V - venous sinus stenosis E - empty sella S - slit-like ventricles
49
Calcifying metastases - BOTOM
B - breast cancer O - osteosarcoma T - papillary thyroid cancer O - ovarian cancer M - mucinous adenocarcinoma (colorectal carcinoma)
50
Causes of oligohydramnio - DRIPPC
D - demise, drugs R - renal agenesis, dysplasia, MCDK, PUV, PCKD, urethral atresia I - IUGR P - PROM P - post dates C - chromosomal anomalies -13, 18, triploidy
51
PROTrusio acetabuli
P - Paget R - Rheumatoid arthritis (and other arthritis eg: juvenile, OA, AS, crystal arthropathy) O - osteogenesis imperfecta, osteomalacia T - trauma

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