MND Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of MND?

A

Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones

Extremely poor prognosis

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of MND?

A
  • weakness
  • wasting
  • increasing loss of mobility
  • difficulties with speech, swallowing, breathing
  • cognitive impairment

DOES NOT affect the senses or bladder/bowel

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3
Q

How should MND be fully investigated?

A

Clinical dx = presence upper/lower neuron signs, disease progression, absence of any other explanation

EMG (electromyography - muscle response to electricity) = diffuse, ongoing, chronic denervation

Neuroimaging = normal, rule out ALS

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4
Q

Outline the management of MND

A

Riluzole = antiglutamate that slows progression

Dysphagia = diet modification, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

Respiratory failure = bilevel +ve airway pressure (BiPAP)

No cure, poor prognosis

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5
Q

Outline the 3 patterns of MND

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis = UMN + LMN, limb weakness and wasting, rapidly changing emotions, most common type

Progressive muscular atrophy = LMN disorder, progressive weakness, atrophy, fasciculation, slow rates of progression, longer survival

Progressive bulbar palsy = UMN + LMN, speech and swallowing muscle weakness and wasting, limbs affected later

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