MND Flashcards
Outline the pathophysiology of MND?
Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones
Extremely poor prognosis
What are the signs and symptoms of MND?
- weakness
- wasting
- increasing loss of mobility
- difficulties with speech, swallowing, breathing
- cognitive impairment
DOES NOT affect the senses or bladder/bowel
How should MND be fully investigated?
Clinical dx = presence upper/lower neuron signs, disease progression, absence of any other explanation
EMG (electromyography - muscle response to electricity) = diffuse, ongoing, chronic denervation
Neuroimaging = normal, rule out ALS
Outline the management of MND
Riluzole = antiglutamate that slows progression
Dysphagia = diet modification, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube
Respiratory failure = bilevel +ve airway pressure (BiPAP)
No cure, poor prognosis
Outline the 3 patterns of MND
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis = UMN + LMN, limb weakness and wasting, rapidly changing emotions, most common type
Progressive muscular atrophy = LMN disorder, progressive weakness, atrophy, fasciculation, slow rates of progression, longer survival
Progressive bulbar palsy = UMN + LMN, speech and swallowing muscle weakness and wasting, limbs affected later