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M1 Microbiology > MMR > Flashcards

MMR Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are MMR vaccines part of the National Childhood Immunisation Schedule?

A

Yes

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1
Q

Do MMR vaccines confer life-long immunity?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What virus types are MMR?

A

Measles and Mumps are -ssRNA
Rubella is +ssRNA

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of a Measles infection?

A

1) Fever, conjunctivitis, rhinorrhoea, cough
2) Koplik’s spots (arnd parotid duct orifices → rash onset
3) Maculopapular rash (from face to entire body)
4) Temporary/transient skin hypopigmentation

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4
Q

What are the possible complications of a Measles infection?

A

1) mucosal infections (conjunctivitis, otitis media)
2) Respi (eg. broncho pneumonia, giant cell pneumonia)
3) Diarrhoea
4) Encephalitis
5) Sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis (develops long after apparent recovery)

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5
Q

What is the pathology of a Measles infection?

A

Viraemia (replication) in respiratory epithelium → spread thru blood and lymphatics → skin (rash)

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6
Q

What kind of virus is Measles?

A

Paramyxovirus (-ssRNA) w an envelope

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7
Q

How is Measles spread?

A

Aerosol

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8
Q

Is Measles highly contagious?

A

Yes

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9
Q

How is Measles infection diagnosed?

A

1) Grow virus from pharynx, conjunctiva or urine on monkey kidney cells (will form multinucleated giant cells)
2) RT-PCR
3) Serology (IgM recent, IgG past)

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10
Q

What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine?

A

Live attenutated

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11
Q

When is the MMR vaccine contraindictated?

A

Malnourished, immunocompromised children and pregnant women

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12
Q

What do you do with a immunodeficient person who has had close contact with someone with Measles?

A

Passive immunisation w immune IgG

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13
Q

What type of virus is Mumps?

A

Paramyxovirus (-ssRNA) with envelope

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Mumps infection?

A

1) Salivary gland enlargement (esp. parotid) + pain aggravated by eating
2) Fever, malaise
3) Tender cervical lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

How is Mumps transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

16
Q

What are some typical complications of Mumps infection?

A

1) Aseptic meningitis (common but mild)
2) Orchiditis (usually unilateral and can cause infertility)
3) Pancreatitis (10%)

17
Q

How is Mumps diagnosed?

A

Specimen from: Saliva, Throat washings, urine, CSF
1) RT-PCR
2) Culture with hen eggs
(CPE → rounding of cells, multinucleated syncytial formation and eosinophilic inclusions)
3) Serology

18
Q

What type of virus is Rubella?

A

Rubivirus (+ssRNA) w envelope

19
Q

Why do people only get Rubella once in their life?

A

There is only 1 serotype

20
Q

How is Rubella transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

21
Q

What type of side effects do MMR vaccines cause?

A

Mild pyrexia

(only rare lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, arthritis, or polyneuropathy)

22
Q

What anti-virals should you use for MMR infections?

A

None available :(

23
Q

What is the pathology of Mumps?

A

It replicated in URT → spreads via blood (to parotid gland, gonads, pancreas, meninges)

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Rubella infection?

A

1) Forschheimer’s spots
(rose spot on palate → herald rash)

2) German measles/typical rubella rash (maculopapular rash)
- early lesions discrete → coalesce

3) Constitutional symptoms
(eg. fever, headache, malaise, conjunctivitis)

4) Tender lymphadenopathy
(eg. suboccipital, postauricular, cervical nodes)

25
Q

What are the possible complications of a Rubella infection?

A

1) Arthralgia and arthritis
(when rash subsides)

2) Encephalitis

3) Purpura and Petechiae (thrombocytopaenia)

4) Congenital Rubella Syndrome
- teratogenic in 1st semester
- ↑defect in organogenesis
- still births/spontaneous abortion
- Birth defects
(eg. Ocular lesions, Sensorineural deafness, CNS, CVS, Interstitial Pneumonitis, Type 1 DM, Hepatosplenomegaly, Thrombocytopenia, Metaphyseal osteitis)

26
Q

How is a Rubella infection diagnosed?

A

No culture → time consuming
1) Serology (eg. IgM or TRCHES IgG panel)

27
Q

How do you prevent the spread of Rubella?

A

1) Herd immunity
2) Quarantine
3) Screen pregnant mothers antenatally for Rubella Abs
4) Prophylactic IgG early after exposure

M1 Microbiology (7 decks)

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