MMPI-2

Question 1

Scale 1 (Hs)

Answer 1

Hypochondriasis; measures the preoccupation with health issues

Question 2

Scale 2 (D)

Answer 2

Depression; pessimism, self-devaluation, and poor morale

Question 3

Scale 3 (Hy)

Answer 3

Hysteria; avoidance and somatization of interpersonal pain

Question 4

Scale 4 (Pd)

Answer 4

Psychopathic Deviance; disposition toward amoral and asocial behavior. It also reflects deficits of empathy, family conflict, unsocialized behaviors, and problems with authority.

Question 5

Scale 5 (Mf)

Answer 5

Masculine-Feminine; balance of masculine versus feminine gender identification

Question 6

Scale 6 (Pa)

Answer 6

Paranoia; reference, mistreatment, and persecution

Question 7

Scale 7 (Pt)

Answer 7

Psychasthenia; obsessiveness, anxiety and tension

Question 8

Scale 8 (Sc)

Answer 8

Schizophrenia; personal confusion, cognitive interference and damage to self-esteem

Question 9

Scale 9 (Ma)

Answer 9

Hypomania; person’s excitability potential

Question 10

Scale 0 (Si)

Answer 10

Social Introversion-Extroversion; shyness, modesty, and a dislike of crowds (high score) vs gregariousness and socially-outgoing behavior (low score)

Question 11

VRIN

Answer 11

Validity scale that measures random responding (high scores) and may signal hypervigilance (VRIN>40)

Question 12

TRIN

Answer 12

Validity scale that measures fixed responding either T or F showing acquiescence or counter-acquiescence; this is either due to difficulty reading/comprehending or oppositionality

Question 13

F

Answer 13

Validity scale that measured over-reporting of symptoms; this is either due to intentional over-reporting (Fp is elevated), fixed responding (TRIN is elevated), random responding (VRIN is elevated), severe psychopathology, or unintentional over-reporting

Question 14

Fb

Answer 14

Validity scale that measures changes in responding from the front half to the back half; may indicate fatigue or other validity concerns (over-reporting, fixed responding, random responding, severe psychopathology…) or a cry for help (increase in reporting pathology)

Question 15

Fp

Answer 15

Validity scale that measures items infrequently endorsed by clinical samples, including psychiatric inpatients

Question 16

FBS

Answer 16

Validity scale that measures somatic concerns, unusual beliefs, and deviant attitudes (“faking bad scale”)

Question 17

L

Answer 17

Validity scale that measures under-reporting, evidenced by endorsing uncommon virtues due to intentional under-reporting, lack of insight, very traditional, and indiscriminant “false” responding

Question 18

K

Answer 18

Validity scale that measures under-reporting and claims to be well-adjusted and free of psychopathology due to defensiveness or psychological well-being

Question 19

S

Answer 19

Validity scale that measures under-reporting through claims of: belief in human goodness, serenity, contentment with life, patience and denial of irritability and anger, denial of moral flaws