MMMix of everything Flashcards
Legaspi established relations with the people under ____________, the ruler of manila
at that time
Raja Sulayman,
established by Legaspi in
Manila to signal the presence of the
Spanish colonial administration
Intramuros
Reduccion system
Reducción aimed to consolidate colonial control over Philippine indigenous communities by compelling prominent individuals to relocate into poblaciones within hearing distance of church-bells. Bell ringing ordered daily life by signaling times to congregate and by marking special occasions. The audibility of church-bells also marked the extent of the Crown’s territorial holdings.
the concept of Bajo de Campana (under the bell) that implied control through the ringing of the church bell. The plaza complex, which is exemplified by the policy of reducción, projects a Spanish ideal Catholic Society, whereby the configuration of the physical landscape was ordered.
Encomienda system
a formal system of forced labor in Spanish colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and colonization. Under this system, leaders of the indigenous community paid tribute to colonists with food, cloth, minerals, or by providing laborers.
Promoted the concept of land as private
property and land was divided into parcels
and assigned a Spanish colonis, who was
mandated to allocate, allot or distribute
resources of the domain
Trifecta of spaces
Plaza
church
townhall
Cuadricula model
Planning of cities followed the Ordinances
of 1573 entitled “Prescriptions for the
Foundations of Hispanic Colonial Towns”
This model of planning of towns was
structured in a hierarchical way
The central plaza was a focal point and
the location of the seat of power
Grid type, traces of roman planning, main
roads to converge sa forum (open space)
The laying out of areas in a city/town was
more organized
Areas surrounding the plaza are
subdivided to square and rectangular
blocks
“Prescriptions for the Foundations of
Hispanic Colonial Towns”
The guideline for the layout of cities and
towns, not just in the Philippines but in all
Spanish colonies (Latin America, Central
America, etc.)
Law of Indies
Regulated in the Philippines in 1573
Principles and practices on urban design
and planning employed by Spanish
colonizers. Spanish town planning
Grid-like pattern centered on a central
plaza known as the zocalo or plaza
mayor
● Ease of movement
● Security and protection
● Resembles Greek layout
Intramuros
Walled City
Protection from foreign invasions
Zoning: residential & institutional
Transport of goods through the Pasig
River
Called as the walled city which has a
0.67 sq km historic walled area within the
modern City of Manila
● Became the seat of government and
political power
● Center fore religion, education, and
economy
Fort Santiago
National Historical Landmark in 1951
● A citadel at the mouth of Pasig river
guarding the whole city
● Built by Spaniards in 1572 to protect the
city of Manila from attack
● Used as a military base and prison during
Spanish colonial period
● Used as a prison during the American
occupation and World War 2
SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH
First and oldest church built in Luzon
during the Spanish era
UNESCO Heritage SiteOne of the Baroque churches in the
Philippines
MANILA CATHEDRAL
Serves both as the Prime Basilica of the
Philippines and the highest seat of the
archbishop in the country
● Located in the heart of Intramuros
● One of the oldest and most famous
churches in Asia
● Neo-Romanesque-Byzantine cathedral
Plaza Roma (Plaza Mayor)
principal public square of Intramuros
PLAZA INDEPENDENCIA
Then called as “Plaza de Armas”
Role of the plaza as the foreground of the
architecture, setbacks, not just for safety
but also enhanced the architecture that
you introduce to the site
was a smaller area near the port, first
purpose was to serve as the embarking
area for the artillery. Purpose as well for
military training. Eventually evolved for
recreation. Meant to enhance the frontage
of the area
