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Med Micro Exam 3 > mm pp 8 strep > Flashcards

mm pp 8 strep Flashcards

1
Q

Steptococcus Species are gram _______

A

Positive

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2
Q

Most streptococcus species are __________ anaerobes while some need CO2

A

Facultative

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3
Q

__________ are fastidious

A

Streptococcus

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4
Q

Strep species are ___________ fermenters

A

Lactose

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5
Q

Streptococcus species are coagulase (Pos or neg)

A

Coagulase negative

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6
Q

Streptococcus are classified based on _______

A

Serotypes (A-W)

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7
Q

They express hemolysis _______ based on the species

A

Alpha, Beta, or Gamma

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8
Q

Most important group of streptococcus are ______

A

Group A

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9
Q

Group A Streptococcus species cause _________ and ________

A

Pharyngitis and necrotizing fascitis

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10
Q

Group A Streptococcus cause _____ hemolysis on blood agar

A

Beta

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11
Q

Most group A virulent strains have a _________ and are transferred by _________

A

Capsule and are transferred by respiratory droplets

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12
Q

Group A Antigen is:

A

Carbohydrate GlcNAc and rhamnose

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13
Q

M protein-

A

2 alpha helical chains anchored in membrane and extending through the cell wall which prevents phagocytosis.

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14
Q

How does the M Protein function?

A

Blocks the binding of C3b in virulent strains.

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15
Q

There are _______ serotypes of the M protein

A

100

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16
Q

T protein-

A

Trypsin-resistant. Important in strains without the M Protein

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17
Q

M-Like Protein-

A

Lipotehoic Acid and F protein

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18
Q

Capsule of Streptococcus-

A

Glucoronic acid and GlcNAc which prevents phagocytosis. Present on the virulent strains usually

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19
Q

Lipoteichoic acid on Streptococcus binds the ________ cells

A

Epithelial

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20
Q

After lipoteichoic acid binds then _________ then bind

A

M protein, F protein, and Adhesions

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21
Q

M and F proteins allow the Streptococcus species to ________

A

enter the epithelial cells

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22
Q

If M and F protein enter the epithelial cell then Immune response is blocked by ________

A

Complement inactivasion and inflammation blocking

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23
Q

Pyrogenic Exotoxins in Streptococcus Species-

A

Found in lysogenic strains; erythrogenic and superantigens. Can cause toxic shock and nectrotizing fascitis

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24
Q

Streptolysin S (S stands for Serum Stable)-

A

Lyses RBC’s (Causing Beta Hemolysis). This can kill phagocytes

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25
Q

Streptolysin O-

A

Lyses RBC’s (Protect from Phagoctyes)

26
Q

Streptokinases-

A

Degrades fibrin and spread

27
Q

DNases-

A

Spread and destroy Nucleic Acids

28
Q

Hyaluronidases-

A

Spreading factor Breaks down connective tissue

29
Q

Streptococcus are ________ micrometers in diameter

A

1 to 2

30
Q

Antibodies to ________ can prevent re-infection if untreated. When treated poor Ab production occurs

A

M-Protein

31
Q

Pharyngitis-

A

Strep throat Exudates from tonsils in 1/2 with strep

32
Q

Pharyngitis has ______ days for incubation

A

2 to 4

33
Q

Scarlet Fever-

A

Secondary to pharyngitis in some strains by use of Pyrogenic Exotoxin (From temperate phage) Causes red rash with circumoral pallor (White around the mouth) Also causes strawberry tongue and Pastias Line

34
Q

Pastias Line-

A

In scarlet fever pink or red lines formed of confluent petechiae are found in skin creases

35
Q

Impetigo (pyoderma)-

A

Subcutaneous infection or cut with a purulent rash causing pustules. Often during summer months

36
Q

Erysipelas-

A

Red rash, lymph nodes expand, fever, pain. (Caused by Group C and D)

37
Q

Celulitis-

A

Deeper tissue infection

38
Q

There were ________ cases of invasive S. pyogenes infections in 2010

A

5000; 142 were toxic shock

39
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis-

A

Flesh Eating Strep Caused from a wound or subcutaenous infetion with rapid spread and gangrene with necrosis. Usually surgery is needed for treatment

40
Q

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome-

A

In immunocomproised. Cause fever, GI problems, Shock, Necr. fasc. and organ failure

41
Q

Bacteremia (40% mortality rate)-

A

Not commonly found from pharyngitis and skin infections; occurs with necrotizing fasciitis and strep toxic shock syndrome

42
Q

Rheumatic Fever-

A

Inflammation of heart valves, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous heart damage. Secondary to pharyngitis with no pus

43
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis-

A

Inflammation of renal glomeruli which can cause renal failure in adults

44
Q

S. agalactiae-

A

Only Group B streptococcus species with a narrow zone of Beta hemolysis where the capsule is the major virulence factor

45
Q

S. agalactiae causes-

A

Septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis in newborns and young children

46
Q

S. agalactiae can colonize-

A

Lower GI and genitourinary tract. Newborns could be colonized at birth

47
Q

Viridans group of streptococci-

A

Alpha hemolytic group of streptococcus

48
Q

Alpha Hemolysis-

A

Green pgiment on blood agar because of oxidation of the iron in hemoglutin

49
Q

Viridans Strep species colonize the __________

A

Oropharynx, GI, and Genitourinary tract

50
Q

S. mutans-

A

Cause dental plaque

51
Q

S. bovis-

A

isolated in areas of colon cancer

52
Q

S. pneumoniae-

A

Diplococci which produces lactate and has a capsule when virulent and inhibit phagocytosis. Contains teichoic acids and choline.

53
Q

pneumolysin-

A

makes green product from hemoglobin to cause alpha hemolysis. Lyses the epithelial cells.

54
Q

S. pneumonia can cause-

A

Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia (Huge concern with those without a spleen)

55
Q

S. pneumonia can be ______ Resistant

A

Penecillin

56
Q

Streptococci C-

A

Strangles in horses

57
Q

Most of Streptococci D is now ________

A

Enterococci

58
Q

S. thermophilus-

A

Used in the manufacture of some cheese and yogurts

59
Q

S. constellatus-

A

Occasional human pathogen, notable as colonies grown on blood agar smell strongly of caramel

60
Q

S. suis-

A

infections in pigs- outbreaks in China

Med Micro Exam 3 (2 decks)

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