MLS 421 Clinical Chemistry II Exam IV Flashcards
The fraction of drug absorbed into a physiological system that is based on the amount of drug given is referred to as:
(a) Dosing
(b) Volume of distribution
(c) Bioavailability
(d) Steady state
(c) Bioavailability
Biotransformation or metabolism of a drug refers to the:
(a) Conversion of drug to active or inactive compounds.
(b) Movement of drug from site of administration to blood.
(c) Movement of drug from blood to tissues.
(d) Elimination of drug via renal or lung processes.
(a) Conversion of drug to active or inactive compounds.
This is established after five to seven half-lives and has an additive effect to reach a non-toxic, therapeutic range.
(a) MTC
(b) MEC
(c) Steady state
(d) Peak
(e) Trough
(c) Steady state
A blood sample for determination of the trough level of a drug is appropriately drawn:
(a) During the distribution phase of the drug.
(b) Immediately after drug administration.
(c) Immediately before drug administration.
(d) During the absorption phase of the drug.
(e) Two hours after drug administration.
(c) Immediately before drug administration.
The ________ is the highest concentration of drug measured in the blood.
(a) Peak
(b) Trough
(c) Therapeutic index
(d) MEC - minimum effective concentration
(a) Peak
Which of the following is NOT an assay method used to determine therapeutic drugs.
(a) Gas liquid chromatography
(b) High performance liquid chromatography
(c) Immunoassay-EMIT, FPIA, CEDIA, MEIA
(d) Spectrophotometric endpoint
(d) Spectrophotometric endpoint
A cardiac glycoside that is used in the treatment of congenital heart failure and arrhythmias by increasing the force and velocity of myocardial contraction is:
(a) Acetaminophen
(b) Lithium
(c) Digoxin
(d) Phenytoin
(c) Digoxin
The name given to the group of enzymes that are particularly involved in phase I metabolism of drugs and that involve reduction/oxidation or hydrolysis is:
(a) Methyltransferases
(b) Glucuronyltransferases
(c) Urokinases
(d) Cytochromes P-450
(d) Cytochromes P-450
An anticonvulsant used to control tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures is:
(a) Lithium
(b) Acetaminophen
(c) Digoxin
(d) Phenytoin
(d) Phenytoin
Which of the following is a major active metabolite of procainamide that must be monitored along with the parent drug?
(a) Disopyramide
(b) N-acetylprocainamide
(c) Procainamide does not have an active metabolite
(d) Glycinexylidide
(b) N-acetylprocainamide
An example of a tricyclic antidepressant is:
(a) Carbamazepine
(b) Fluoxetine
(c) Phenothiazine
(d) Amitriptyline
(d) Amitriptyline
A urine sample for drugs of abuse has been returned to the lab. It has a pH of 2.0, creatinine of 3 mg/dL, and a specific gravity of 1.035.
(a) This is an acceptable sample
(b) This is not an acceptable sample
(b) This is not an acceptable sample
A test that has high sensitivity and rules out the presence of a drug is considered:
(a) Screening test
(b) Confirmation test
(a) Screening test
This volatile’s metabolites are oxalic acid and glycolic acid. It is sweet tasting and can result in CNS symptoms and severe metabolic acidosis. A large amount of calcium oxalate crystals are found in the urine.
(a) Isopropyl alcohol
(b) Ethanol
(c) Ethylene glycol
(d) Methanol
(c) Ethylene glycol
Which one of the following enzymes is inhibited by organophosphate or carbamate compounds such as those found in pesticides?
(a) Amylase
(b) Alcohol dehydrogenase
(c) Acetylcholinesterase
(d) Alkaline Phosphatase
(c) Acetylcholinesterase
An analgesic that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness, and its toxic effect can result in hepatic necrosis.
(a) Acetaminophen
(b) Phenytoin
(c) Digoxin
(d) Lithium
(a) Acetaminophen
The toxin that inhibits cyclooxygenase, interfering with platelet aggregation, and can cause a mixed acid-base balance is:
(a) Lead
(b) Ethanol
(c) Acetaminophen
(d) Salicylate
(e) Opium
(d) Salicylate
Which of the following classes of compounds has a sedative effect and as such is used to treat anxiety?
(a) Benzodiazepines
(b) Amphetamines
(c) Opiates
(d) Cardiotropics
(e) Cannabinoids
(a) Benzodiazepines
Heroin is synthesized from:
(a) Diazepam
(b) Valproic acid
(c) Ecgonine
(d) Chlorpromazine
(e) Morphine
(e) Morphine
This heavy metal is an environmental and man made toxin that binds to proteins, has a long half-life, nonspecific symptoms, chronic accumulation with deposition in hair, nails, and bone marrow. It is a common homicide/suicide agent.
(a) Mercury
(b) Arsenic
(c) Cadmium
(d) Lead
(b) Arsenic
