MKSAP Pulm II Flashcards
___ analysis is recommended for patients with a severe exacerbation of COPD to assess for hypercapnia and hypoxemia.
ABG
____ can estimate pulmonary artery pressures and is the preferred initial test if pulmonary hypertension is suspected.
Transthoracic echocardiography
What is Mepolizumab?
Monoclonal Ab to IL-5: reduce asthma exacerbations in patients with difficult-to-control asthma and elevated blood EOSINOPHIL counts
Initial treatment of central sleep apnea should target ____; medical optimization of heart failure has been shown to improve central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes breathing and should precede other therapies for sleep apnea.
modifiable risk factors; then sometimes supplemental oxygen is used
Patients with a history of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome should not be prescribed a long-acting β2-agonist without concurrent therapy with an _____ because of the increased risk of mortality in patients with asthma who are prescribed long-acting β2-agonist monotherapy.
inhaled glucocorticoid
During air travel, _____ is most likely to occur at cruising altitude in patients with bullous lung disease, particularly those with a recent exacerbation of airways disease who are, therefore, more prone to air trapping.
pneumothorax
____ is an oral selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. It is used primarily as add-on therapy in severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and a history of recurrent exacerbations despite other therapies
Roflumilast; not used for other forms of COPD
Lung volume reduction surgery improves quality of life for patients with ______ and significant exercise limitations.
upper-lobe predominant emphysema
What is cardiopulmonary exercise testing used for?
Assess prognosis in patient being evaluated for transplantation (estimates 1-year prognosis) and can also be helpful in detecting deconditioning as a cause of dyspnea of unclear cause.
Patients with a solid indeterminate lung nodule larger than ___ and high probability of malignancy should be staged using a PET/CT scan followed by definitive management.
8 mm, like as in direct surgical wedge resection even before biopsy
_____ are the most common radiologic finding in patients with asbestos exposure and are the features that differentiate asbestosis from other interstitial lung diseases.
Parietal plaques
____ are indicated in patients with sepsis who have not achieved hemodynamic stability from intravenous fluid administration and vasopressor therapies.
Glucocorticoids
Start inhaled short-acting bronchodilator (anticholinergic or β2-agonist) for patients with mild COPD and an FEV1 between ___ and ____ of predicted.
60% and 80%
Assisted breathing devices, such as _____, can be prescribed to support gas exchange in patients with neuromuscular disorders and may prolong survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
BiPAP
CPAP only for OSA and wouldn’t really help hypoventilation, NC would only lower respiratory drive
Conditions suggesting the diagnosis of ____ in adults include chronic asthma-like symptoms, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis, recurrent pancreatitis, infertility, and bronchiectasis. Can also present with history of recurrent abdominal pain with watery stools and poor weight gain.
cystic fibrosis
