MKSAP Pulm I

Question 1

Subsolid lung nodules ____ in size should be initially followed up at 6-12 months and then every 2 years for ____ years because of the slow rate of growth if such masses are malignant.

Answer 1

6-8 mm; 5

Question 2

Evaluation with a PET/CT scan would be recommended for a solid nodule that is greater than ____ in size.

Answer 2

8 mm

Question 3

An acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis begins with an abrupt worsening during a few days to weeks in the absence of another cause for dyspnea such as infection, heart failure, or pulmonary embolism and is notable for new ____ superimposed on findings consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia on CT scan.

Answer 3

bilateral ground-glass opacities

Question 4

_____ is associated with fevers, flulike symptoms, cough, and shortness of breath, typically during a period of 48 hours. The most common sources of antigens are thermophilic actinomycetes, fungi, and bird droppings. High-resolution CT imaging of the chest shows findings of ground-glass opacities and centrilobular micronodules that are upper-lung and midlung predominant.

Answer 4

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 5

Midchest tightness, dyspnea, cough, and dysphonia, and stridor may be detected as inspiratory monophonic wheezing.

Answer 5

Vocal cord dysfunction

Question 6

The finding of bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant septal line thickening with honeycomb changes on CT scan is consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia pathologic pattern and can also be seen in connective tissue disease, asbestosis, and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The history is negative for symptoms suggestive of connective tissue disease and for significant environmental exposures.

Answer 6

The exclusion of connective tissue diseases and environmental exposures combined with a definite usual interstitial pneumonia imaging pattern supports the diagnosis of IPF.

Question 7

______ is characterized by thin-walled cysts with accompanying nodules and is often associated with pulmonary hypertension. All of these diseases are subacute, evolving during weeks to months and present in active smokers.

Answer 7

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Question 8

Hyponatremia is associated with which lung cancer

Answer 8

Small cell (often presents as mediastinal mass as well)

Question 9

Measurement of α1-antitrypsin level is indicated for patients experiencing symptoms of COPD and who are younger than ____ years of age or have a strong family history of COPD.

Answer 9

45

Question 10

In-line heated humidification is available on all positive airway pressure machines and is a simple intervention to mitigate ____.

Answer 10

mucosal irritation.

Question 11

In patients with moderate to severe uncontrolled asthma with the eosinophilic phenotype, treatment with ____ can reduce emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and requirements for inhaled and oral glucocorticoids.

Answer 11

mepolizumab

Omalizumab is only indicated in pts with evidence of allergies to perennial aeroallergens (whereas you don’t need that with mepolizumab)

Question 12

Cited indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy include loss of consciousness, ischemic cardiac changes, neurological deficits, significant metabolic acidosis, or carboxyhemoglobin level greater than 25% in _______ poisoning.

Answer 12

Carbon monoxide

Question 13

What does hydroxocobalamin treat?

Answer 13

Inhaled cyanide poisoning (i.e. house fire)