Mixed Review

Question 1

organelle responsible for digesting damaged cellular structure, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

Answer 1

lysosomes

Question 2

_____ carries signal away from the cell body and transmits it to another neuron through the axon terminal.

Answer 2

axon

Question 3

The _______ releases neurotransmitters.

Answer 3

axon terminal

Question 4

The _____ of the neuron contains the organelles where metabolic activities of the cell occur.

Answer 4

cell body

Question 5

This is an alkaline solution (high concentration of bicarbonate ions) composed of several digestive enzymes.

Answer 5

pancreatic juice

Question 6

Urea is a major waste product of ____.

Answer 6

protein

Question 7

___ is formed at the end of a series of reactions which break down the amino acids in proteins.

Answer 7

urea

Question 8

agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that cause diseases:

Answer 8

pathogens

Question 9

Name of a signaling molecule released to elicit antiviral immune response:

Answer 9

interferons

Question 10

In which layer of the skin are the subcutaneous fat stores found?

Answer 10

hypodermis

Question 11

What is the most external and avascular layer of the skin?

Answer 11

epidermis

Question 12

What is the middle layers of the skin which supplies nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis?

Answer 12

dermis

Question 13

This is a gland in the skin that secretes a lubricating oily matter called sebum into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair.

Answer 13

sebaceous gland

Question 14

In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, mitosis is a type of _______.

Answer 14

asexual reproduction

Question 15

This type of bond is formed when electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei (identical or different atoms):

Answer 15

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 16

A bond between two hydrogen atoms is an example of what type of bond?

Answer 16

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 17

This is a very strong bond requiring a large amount of energy to break the bond:

Answer 17

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 18

_____ molecules do not share electrons equally and therefore contain atoms with partial positive and negative charges.

Answer 18

polar

Question 19

Sequence in which inhaled air passes through the respiratory tract:

Answer 19

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 20

What organ functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes?

Answer 20

uterus

Question 21

The _____ carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, where it can pick up oxygen.

Answer 21

pulmonary artery

Question 22

The ____ returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

Answer 22

pulmonary vein

Question 23

The ____ returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium.

Answer 23

vena cava

Question 24

Pairs of genes on a chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics such as eye color:

Answer 24

alleles

Question 25

Term for both parents providing the same allele of a given gene:

Answer 25

homozygous

Question 26

Term for each parent providing a different allele of a give gene:

Answer 26

heterozygous

Question 27

Chronic inflammation of joints due to autoimmune destruction of articular cartilage:

Answer 27

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

inflammatory condition of joints due to the wear and tear of cartilage that line the articular ends of bones:

Answer 28

osteoarthritis

Question 29

An imbalance of bone remodeling where bone reabsorption exceeds bone formation resulting in porous and fragile bones:

Answer 29

osteoporosis

Question 30

A congenital disorder of defective or deficient collagen synthesis due to genetic mutations:

Answer 30

brittle bone disease

Question 31

Normal pH of blood

Answer 31

7.35-7.45

Question 32

What is the defining property of an element?

Answer 32

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 33

Which stage is this scenario, during mitosis: chromosomes align along the center of the cell.

Answer 33

metaphase

Question 34

What are the four stages of mitosis (in order)?

Answer 34

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 35

Stage of mitosis when: chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 35

prophase (longest phase)

Question 36

Stage of mitosis: chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.

Answer 36

metaphase

Question 37

Stage of mitosis: sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes that are pulled apart.

Answer 37

anaphase

Question 38

Stage of mitosis: chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear.

Answer 38

telophase

Question 39

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place:

Answer 39

alveoli

Question 40

Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli:

Answer 40

bronchioles

Question 41

Where do the lungs reside?

Answer 41

in the pleural cavity

Question 42

produced by growth from deep tissue:

Answer 42

endogenous

Question 43

produced by growth from superficial tissue:

Answer 43

exogengous

Question 44

To which body system does cartilage belong?

Answer 44

skeletal system

Question 45

What carries oxygen throughout the human body?

Answer 45

red blood cells

Question 46

Cell division that divides number of chromosomes in half:

Answer 46

meiosis

Question 47

In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced from___to____.

Answer 47

46; 23

Question 48

Type of cell division found in the gonads and other reproductive organs.

Answer 48

meiosis

Question 49

Term for atoms that have an equal number of protons but a different number of neutrons:

Answer 49

isotope

Question 50

chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms is known as:

Answer 50

covalent bond

Question 51

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland. What is a function of ACTH?

Answer 51

cortisol production

Question 52

What endocrine gland is primarily responsible for regulating an individual's metabolism and energy?

Answer 52

thyroid gland

Question 53

Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis generally have a large number of which cellular structure?

Answer 53

ribosomes

Question 54

A chemical bond that has a covalent bond in which electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than another:

Answer 54

polar covalent bond

Question 55

How many amino acids are required to make all the proteins necessary for life?

Answer 55

20

Question 56

What does the parathyroid gland help the body control?

Answer 56

calcium and phosphorous levels--vital for bone development

Question 57

Why does protein synthesis within a cell occur?

Answer 57

All structure and functions inside of a cell is facilitated by various proteins.

Question 58

Krebs cycle is performed in the mitochondria of a cell. How many molecules of ATP are produced from one glucose molecule during this cycle?

Answer 58

2 ATP molecules

Question 59

pH is the precise measure of which ion?

Answer 59

H30+

Question 60

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are parts of the ____.

Answer 60

small intestine

Question 61

The hypothalamus governs the:

Answer 61

pituitary gland

Question 62

Measuring the mole of solution per liter of a solution is known as:

Answer 62

molarity

Question 63

Cells that construct or build bones:

Answer 63

osteoblasts

Question 64

bone cells

Answer 64

osteocytes

Question 65

cells that break down bone cells:

Answer 65

osteoclasts

Question 66

Two types of bone:

Answer 66

compact and spongy/ trabecular