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TEAS SCIENCE > Mixed Review > Flashcards

Mixed Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organelle responsible for digesting damaged cellular structure, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

A

lysosomes

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2
Q

_____ carries signal away from the cell body and transmits it to another neuron through the axon terminal.

A

axon

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3
Q

The _______ releases neurotransmitters.

A

axon terminal

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4
Q

The _____ of the neuron contains the organelles where metabolic activities of the cell occur.

A

cell body

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5
Q

This is an alkaline solution (high concentration of bicarbonate ions) composed of several digestive enzymes.

A

pancreatic juice

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6
Q

Urea is a major waste product of ____.

A

protein

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7
Q

___ is formed at the end of a series of reactions which break down the amino acids in proteins.

A

urea

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8
Q

agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that cause diseases:

A

pathogens

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9
Q

Name of a signaling molecule released to elicit antiviral immune response:

A

interferons

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10
Q

In which layer of the skin are the subcutaneous fat stores found?

A

hypodermis

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11
Q

What is the most external and avascular layer of the skin?

A

epidermis

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12
Q

What is the middle layers of the skin which supplies nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis?

A

dermis

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13
Q

This is a gland in the skin that secretes a lubricating oily matter called sebum into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair.

A

sebaceous gland

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14
Q

In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, mitosis is a type of _______.

A

asexual reproduction

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15
Q

This type of bond is formed when electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei (identical or different atoms):

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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16
Q

A bond between two hydrogen atoms is an example of what type of bond?

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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17
Q

This is a very strong bond requiring a large amount of energy to break the bond:

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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18
Q

_____ molecules do not share electrons equally and therefore contain atoms with partial positive and negative charges.

A

polar

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19
Q

Sequence in which inhaled air passes through the respiratory tract:

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

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20
Q

What organ functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes?

A

uterus

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21
Q

The _____ carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, where it can pick up oxygen.

A

pulmonary artery

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22
Q

The ____ returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

A

pulmonary vein

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23
Q

The ____ returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium.

A

vena cava

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24
Q

Pairs of genes on a chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics such as eye color:

A

alleles

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25
Q

Term for both parents providing the same allele of a given gene:

A

homozygous

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26
Q

Term for each parent providing a different allele of a give gene:

A

heterozygous

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27
Q

Chronic inflammation of joints due to autoimmune destruction of articular cartilage:

A

rheumatoid arthritis

28
Q

inflammatory condition of joints due to the wear and tear of cartilage that line the articular ends of bones:

A

osteoarthritis

29
Q

An imbalance of bone remodeling where bone reabsorption exceeds bone formation resulting in porous and fragile bones:

A

osteoporosis

30
Q

A congenital disorder of defective or deficient collagen synthesis due to genetic mutations:

A

brittle bone disease

31
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

32
Q

What is the defining property of an element?

A

number of protons in the nucleus

33
Q

Which stage is this scenario, during mitosis: chromosomes align along the center of the cell.

A

metaphase

34
Q

What are the four stages of mitosis (in order)?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

35
Q

Stage of mitosis when: chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

A

prophase (longest phase)

36
Q

Stage of mitosis: chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.

A

metaphase

37
Q

Stage of mitosis: sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes that are pulled apart.

A

anaphase

38
Q

Stage of mitosis: chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear.

A

telophase

39
Q

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place:

A

alveoli

40
Q

Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli:

A

bronchioles

41
Q

Where do the lungs reside?

A

in the pleural cavity

42
Q

produced by growth from deep tissue:

A

endogenous

43
Q

produced by growth from superficial tissue:

A

exogengous

44
Q

To which body system does cartilage belong?

A

skeletal system

45
Q

What carries oxygen throughout the human body?

A

red blood cells

46
Q

Cell division that divides number of chromosomes in half:

A

meiosis

47
Q

In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced from___to____.

A

46; 23

48
Q

Type of cell division found in the gonads and other reproductive organs.

A

meiosis

49
Q

Term for atoms that have an equal number of protons but a different number of neutrons:

A

isotope

50
Q

chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms is known as:

A

covalent bond

51
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland. What is a function of ACTH?

A

cortisol production

52
Q

What endocrine gland is primarily responsible for regulating an individual’s metabolism and energy?

A

thyroid gland

53
Q

Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis generally have a large number of which cellular structure?

A

ribosomes

54
Q

A chemical bond that has a covalent bond in which electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than another:

A

polar covalent bond

55
Q

How many amino acids are required to make all the proteins necessary for life?

A

20

56
Q

What does the parathyroid gland help the body control?

A

calcium and phosphorous levels–vital for bone development

57
Q

Why does protein synthesis within a cell occur?

A

All structure and functions inside of a cell is facilitated by various proteins.

58
Q

Krebs cycle is performed in the mitochondria of a cell. How many molecules of ATP are produced from one glucose molecule during this cycle?

A

2 ATP molecules

59
Q

pH is the precise measure of which ion?

A

H30+

60
Q

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are parts of the ____.

A

small intestine

61
Q

The hypothalamus governs the:

A

pituitary gland

62
Q

Measuring the mole of solution per liter of a solution is known as:

A

molarity

63
Q

Cells that construct or build bones:

A

osteoblasts

64
Q

bone cells

A

osteocytes

65
Q

cells that break down bone cells:

A

osteoclasts

66
Q

Two types of bone:

A

compact and spongy/ trabecular

TEAS SCIENCE (2 decks)

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