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Cardiology > Mixed Qs > Flashcards

Mixed Qs Flashcards

1
Q

Splitting of S2

A

Normal finding in young pts

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2
Q

AS- Poor prognostic factor

A

Dyspnea

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3
Q

Meds cause TdP

A

Ondansetron, Methadone

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4
Q

Health maintenance rec. for T2DM

A

Statins (40-75y/o)

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5
Q

MCC of CHF

A

Arterial HTN

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6
Q

Hemochromatosis

A
  • Sx: T2DM, hyperpigmented skin, testicular atrophy, hepatomegaly, arthralgias
  • Cardiac risk for: conduction abnormalities (Paroxysmal a-fib)
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7
Q

Catheter-related Thrombosis (Sx)

A

Pain, diffuse swelling, warmth and erythema of affected extremity

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8
Q

Physio changes in CHF

A
  • Reduced CO
  • Increased SVR
  • Increased tone of efferent renal arterioles
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9
Q

Aortic Dissection (risk factor)

A

HTN

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10
Q

Post MI new MR murmur due to

A

Papillary muscle rupture

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11
Q

Murmur that increase with handgrip (increased afterload)

A

VSD

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12
Q

Sx: Acute Limb Ischemia

A

6P’s: pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, paresis (difficulty moving) and poikilothermia (cool to touch)

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13
Q

When to repair AAA?

A
  • Large asymptomatic (>5.0cm)
  • Rapidly expanding (>0.5cm in 6 mo)
  • Symptomatic (regardless of size)
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14
Q

HTN Tx- African Americans

A

Thiazides Diuretics (Ex: Chlorthalidone)

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15
Q

Dx of Aortic Dissection- Hemodynamically stable

A

CT angiography

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16
Q

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

A
  • Sx: HTN urgency, papilledema, severe headache, abdominal bruit
  • Do: CTA
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17
Q

Cardiac defect in Down’s syndrome

A

Atrioventricular septal defects (endocardial cushion defects)

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18
Q

Mobitz Type 1- EKG findings

A

progressive lengthening of PR interval until QRS drops

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19
Q

HFpEF is due to

A

Impaired myocardial relaxation

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20
Q

Postthrombotic syndrome

A
  • post- DVT complication in the affected extremity
  • Sx: pain, swelling, pruritus, varicose veins and skin changes (ej: venous ulcers)
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21
Q

What can cause fluid retention in Right HF?

A
  • Chronic pulmonary HTN
  • Mostly due to COPD (cor purmonale)
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22
Q

Absent P waves on EKG

A
  • A-fib
  • Possible thrombosis manifestations (acute splenic infarct)
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23
Q

Pseudoaneurysm- management

A
  • < 3cm: observe and serial imaging
  • > 3cm: U/S guided thrombin injection
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24
Q

Tricuspid valve atresia

A
  • Imperforate AV septum
  • EKG findings: left axis deviation
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25
Q

Therapy to improve long term exercise in stable angina

A

Beta blockers (Atenolol)

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26
Q

Amiodarone A/E

A
  • Chronic interstitial pneumonitis
  • Thyroid Problems
  • Blue-gray skin changes
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27
Q

How to tx an aortic dissection- type A

A

Surgery (aortic graft replacement)

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28
Q

Dx of PAD

A
  • ABI
  • 0.4-0.9 indicates mild to mod.
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29
Q

Management of PE in stable patient:

A

Anticoagulation (LMWH)

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30
Q

Meds that improve long term survival post-MI

A
  1. Statins
  2. Beta blockers
  3. Aspirin
31
Q

Dx study to determine the cause of a stroke post-DVT

A

TEE with agitated saline to look for PFO

32
Q

MOA of nitrates

A

Mostly venous dilation which leads to decreased end-diastolic volume (decreased preload)

33
Q

Pulse pattern in Cardiac tamponade

A

Pulsus paradoxus (systolic BP decreases 10mmHg during inspiration)

34
Q

Heparin A/E

A
  • HIT- decreased platelets and thrombotic event
  • Dx: Immunoassay to detect anti-heparin/plt factor IV antibodies
35
Q

Test to evaluate atypical chest pain (GI discomfort)

A

Stress Test

36
Q

MCC of AR in young adults

A

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve

37
Q

EKG of Pericarditis

A

Diffuse ST elevations

38
Q

Digitalis toxicity

A
  • blurry vision
  • hyperkalemia
  • GI upset
  • Arrhythmias
39
Q

What causes the sx of AS?

A

Increased left ventricular oxygen demand

40
Q

Strongest predisposing factor of hemorrhagic strokes

A

HTN

41
Q

PPx for thromboembolism as a result of DVT

A

Heparin or Warfarin

42
Q

How to prevent peripheral edema caused by Amlodipine

A

Give ACE (-pril)

43
Q

Tx for symptomatic MS

A

Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC)
* has decreased mortality rates
* less invasive than replacement

44
Q

What needs to be done for a-fib (longer than 48hrs) before cardioversion

A
  • Give systemic anticoag. for 3 weeks
  • Perform TEE to detect potential thrombi if can’t wait for 3 weeks to cardiovert
45
Q

Management of acute STEMI

A
  • Less than 90 minutes since onset: PCTA (angioplasty)
  • More than 120 mins since onset: Fibrinolytic therapy (Alteplase, etc)
46
Q

Test of choice for DVT dx

A

Compression U/S

47
Q

When anticoag is contraindicated for DVT

A
  • Poor kidney fx
  • Hx of recent surgery
  • Hx of intracranial hemorrhage
48
Q

ACLS algorithm for V-fib

A
  • 2 rounds of defib
  • Give epinephrine
  • 1 round of defib
  • Give **amiodarone **
49
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A
  • high BP in upper extremities
  • lower body hypoperfusion (cold feet)
  • brachio-femoral delay
50
Q

Dx of unstable v-tach

A

Synchronized cardioversion

51
Q

SOB, hypoxia, crackles and lung opacities on CXR 2hrs after blood transfusion

A

TACO
* will have sx of volume overload like: pulm. edema, JVD, S3

52
Q

Echo of HOCM pt

A
  • Abnormal movement of mitral valve
  • asymmetrical septal hypertrophy
53
Q

What decreases risk of amputation in thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO)

A

Stop smoking

54
Q

How to know underlying cause prior to onset of ALI in patient with A-fib

A

do Echo- will show thrombus

55
Q

Benign murmur in kids

A

Venous hum

56
Q

what is a venous hum

A

Continous murmur heard at the supraclavicular region

57
Q

Fixed, split S2 in kids

A

ASD

58
Q

Chronic thromboembolic pulm. HTN

A
  • Cor pulmonale sx
  • Decreased vascular markings on CXR
  • Bruits over lung fields
  • Normal PCWP
59
Q

Ekg with sinus pauses

A

Sinus sick syndrome

60
Q

Tet spells are from what congenital heart disease?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

61
Q

Heart sound seen in long standing HTN

A

S4

62
Q

Management for A-fib (stable and unstable)

A
  • stable- CCBs or BB
  • unstable- synchronized cardioversion
63
Q

Management of cardiac tamponade in hemo unstable pt

A

TTE

64
Q

Bilateral limb ischemia and mesenteric ischemia may be caused by:

A

Aortic occlusion due to thrombus

65
Q

Man: recurrent cardiac tamponade in cancer pt

A

Create a pericardial window

66
Q

Findings in CHF that is associated with increased mortality

A

Decreased serum Na- assoc. with decrease CO

67
Q

HOCM tx

A

Beta blockers

68
Q

Test for eval of new onset a-fib

A

Measure TSH levels

69
Q

PAD may be at risk for:

A

Acute MI

70
Q

What type of shunt is VSD

A

L –> R shunt through ventricular septum

71
Q

Management of idiopathic APBs

A

Avoid triggers like: caffeine, alcohol, stress and smoking

72
Q

Management: hem stable pts with acute mesenteric ischemia

A

Endovascular revascularization

73
Q

MC site for PAD

A

Stenosis of femoropopliteal artery

74
Q

Cardiac tamponade- EKG findings

A

electrical alternans

Cardiology (4 decks)

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