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Science > Mix and Flow of Matter > Flashcards

Mix and Flow of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Homogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture where it is difficult to see the different substances that make it

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2
Q

Define Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

Define Pure Substance

A

The matter that is made up of only one substance

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4
Q

Define WHMIS

A

Workplace, Hazardous, Materials, Information, System

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5
Q

Define Chromatogram

A

Type of filter paper used to determine if the ink is a pure substance or a solution

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6
Q

Define Solute

A

a substance that is being dissolved in another

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7
Q

Define Mixture

A

Any two or more substances combined

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8
Q

Define Slurry

A

A mixture of water and solids

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9
Q

Define Heterogeneous Mixture

A

A mixture in which you can see the different substance that makes it

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10
Q

Define Suspension

A

A cloudy mixture in which tiny droplets of one substance are held within another substance. If you leave it unattended, its parts will separate

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11
Q

Define Fluid

A

Anything that has no fixed shape and can flow

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12
Q

Define Solvent

A

The substance into which another substance is being dissolved

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13
Q

Define Saturated Solution

A

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a solvent

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14
Q

Define Solubility

A

The maximum amount of solute you can add to a fixed volume of solvent at a given temperature

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15
Q

Define the saturation point

A

The point at which no more solute can be dissolved in a solvent

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16
Q

Define Colloid

A

A cloudy mixture in which tiny pieces of one substance are held within another substance. These tiny droplets do not easily separate out.

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17
Q

Define Concentration

A

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent

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18
Q

Define Aqueous Solution

A

A solution where water is the solvent

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19
Q

What does a yellow triangle mean?

A

Caution

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20
Q

What does an orange diamond mean?

A

Warning

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21
Q

What does a red octagon mean?

A

Danger

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22
Q

What are five job occupations that would need to recognize the WHMIS symbols?

A
  1. Welders
  2. Mechanics
  3. Carpenters
  4. Farmers
  5. Chemists
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23
Q

How do fluid make it easier to use materials in fluids become solids? Give an example

A

Fluids move easily and take the shapes of their containers

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24
Q

How do fluid make it easier to use materials in slurries? Give an example

A

Help transport solids from one place to another

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25
Q

How do fluid make it easier to use materials in fluids can hold other materials? Give an example

A

Fluids spead and flow. Mixing other substances with fluids enables you to move those materials more easily

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26
Q

What is a process for safely getting rid of broken glass?

A
  1. Notify your teacher
  2. Use a broom to sweep up the broken glass
  3. Despose in an appropriate container, not an open garbage can
  4. Vacuum if available
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27
Q

What protective measures MUST you take when working around an open flame?

A
  1. Keep flammable substances away
  2. Tie up long hair; roll up sleeves
  3. Do NOT leave a flame unattended
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28
Q

How do you safely “smell” an unknown substance?

A
  1. Do NOT sniff into the container
  2. “Wave” directly above the container toward your nose
  3. Take short inhalations
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29
Q

Define unsaturated solution

A

More solute can be dissolved

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30
Q

What are the factors that affect solubility?

A
  1. The Solute
  2. The Solvent
  3. The Temperature
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31
Q

What are the factors that influence the rate of dissolving?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. The Size of Pieces
  3. Stirring
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32
Q

What are the four rules of the Particle Model of Matter?

A
  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
  2. The tiny particles are always moving and vibrating
  3. The particles in matter may be attracted to eachther to bonded together
  4. The particles have spaces between them
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33
Q

How does the particle model of matter explain mixing substances?

A
  1. The particles in different substances are all different sizes
  2. When two substances are mixed together, the smaller particles fill spaces between the larger particles
  3. When one substance dissolves in another, the particels of the solute are attracted to the particles of the solvent
34
Q

Why are environmentalists concerned about thermal pollution?

A
  1. Some organisms can live in a warmer environment

2. Warmer water cannot absorb as much oxygen as cooler water. Therfore, there is less oxygen for aquatic organisms

35
Q

Define Density

A

The mass per unit of volume

36
Q

Define Buoyancy

A

Tendency of an object to float when placed in a fluid

37
Q

Define Compressibility

A

Extent to which a substance can be squeezed

38
Q

Define Hydraulics

A

Using liquids under pressure to move loads

39
Q

Define Pneumatics

A

Using gases under pressure to move loads

40
Q

Define Solubility

A

The ability to dissolve

41
Q

Define Valve

A

A device that controls the flow of fluids

42
Q

Define Viscosity

A

Liquid’s internal friction or resistance that keeps it from flowing

43
Q

Define Pressure

A

Measure of the amount of force applied per unit of area

44
Q

Define Surfactant

A

Particle that attaches itself to dirt and oil particles, separating it from fabric or other materials

45
Q

Define Phosphates

A

Chemicals that were once added to detergents

46
Q

Define R.O.P.O.S

A

A Canadian designed bathyscaphe

47
Q

Define Pump

A

Device that moves fluids through or into something

48
Q

Define Ballast tanks

A

Containers between the inner and outer hulls of a ship or submarine

49
Q

Define The Bends

A

A type of decompression sickness

50
Q

Define Bathyscaphe

A

Underwater ship built to go into especially deep waters where the pressure is to great for humans to dive

51
Q

Define Submarine

A

A device that works by pumping water into or out of ballast tanks to rise or lower it’s overall density

52
Q

Define S.C.U.B.A

A

A device that enables people to dive deep below the surface of oceans and lakes

53
Q

Define Diaphragm Pump

A

A device that works by using a piston to draw a fluid into a cylinder and then forcing it out

54
Q

Define Hyperbaric Chamber

A

A device for divers who have “the bends”. It increases the pressure surrounding the diver’s body

55
Q

Define Archimedes Screw

A

A device that transports fluid from one place to another using a blade wrapped around a cylinder

56
Q

Explain the relationship between Viscosity and Temperature

A

The lower the temperature, the greater the viscosity

57
Q

Explain the relationship between Density and Temperature

A

The higher the temperature, the lower the density

58
Q

Explain the relationship between Density and Concentration

A

The higher the concentration, the greater the density

59
Q

Explain the relationship between Density and Buoyancy

A

The lower the density, the less buoyancy

60
Q

Explain the relationship between Compressibility and whether a fluid is a gas or a liquid

A

Gases have more compressibility than liquids

61
Q

Explain the relationship between pressure and water depth

A

Pressure increases with water depth

62
Q

The units for density are ______ and ________

A

g/ml

Kg/L

63
Q

The formula for calculating density is ________

A

Density equals mass divided by volume

64
Q

Calculate the density of a substance that has a mass of 6.34g and a volume of 0.6ml

A

ML

65
Q

How does the particle model of matter explain how density changes with temperature?

A

The particle model of matter states that particles ina subatnce move more quickly when energy id added. As a solid changes to a liquid, the particles move faster and faster. The same is true for whan a liquid changes to a gas. As the particles become more and more active, the spacesbetween them increase. Thid causes the volume to increase and the density decreases. When a liquid changes to a solid, the distances between particles decreases and the density then decreases

66
Q

What is the Plimsoll line on a ship?

A

A line that shows how heavily a ship can be safely loaded in different water conditions

67
Q

When would you have neutral buoyancy?

A

When the force of gravity acting on an object equals the buoyant force of the fluid

68
Q

Why are gases more compressable than liquids?

A

There are more spaces between particles of gas compared to liquids

69
Q

What is incompressability?

A

Not being able to be easily compressed

70
Q

What is the formula for calculating pressure?

A

Pressure equals Force(N) divided by area (M squared)

71
Q

Name a mechanical device that uses hydraulics

A

Jackhammer/Barbershop chair

72
Q

Calculate the pressure created if there is a force of 500N on a 2m squared piston

A

P=250pa

73
Q

What is Pascal’s Law?

A

An enclosed liquid transmits pressure equally in all directions

74
Q

Name a mechanical device that uses pneumatics

A

Tire pump/Air compressor

75
Q

How do detergents clean fabric?

A

Most detergents use surfactants. Surfactants are particles that attach themselves to dirt and oil particles, separating them from the fabric and not letting them reattach

76
Q

Define Hazard Symbols

A

Warning symbols on hazardous materials; made up of a safety warning enclosed ina yellow triangle, orange diamond, or red octagon

77
Q

Define Solution

A

Homogeneous mixture; a mixture of two or more pure substances that look like one substance

78
Q

Define Mechanical mixture

A

Heterogeneous Mixture; a mixture in which all substances are easy to see

79
Q

Define Chromatography

A

A way of determining if a substance id a solution or a pure substance

80
Q

What is the Particle Model of Matter?

A

A model that explains the behaviour of solids, liquids, and gases. It states that all matter is made up of tiny, moving particles that attract each other and have spaces between them

81
Q

What are the properties of fluids?

A
  1. Viscosity
  2. Density
  3. Buoyancy
  4. Compressibility

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