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Science 8 > Mix and Flow of Matter > Flashcards

Mix and Flow of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The thing you change in an experiment, only 1 in an experiment

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2
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

What you are measuring as a result of your experiment?

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3
Q

What is a control?

A

The standard or thing you use to compare to the other results, what is normal?

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4
Q

What is a constant?

A

The things that stay the same, many in an experiment

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5
Q

What is a fluid?

A

A substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure (gives into forces)

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6
Q

How to classify a fluid

A

Takes the shape of the container and can flow, is a moving thing

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7
Q

Where are the particles in a gas?

A

Very far apart

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8
Q

What do gases do when contained in a container?

A

They completely fill the shape of the container

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9
Q

How are gases affected by gravity?

A

Gases do not flow with gravity, because they are not clustered or packed. So, gases move in all directions.

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10
Q

What happens to the particles in a liquid?

A

The energy is strong enough to pull away from other particles, the particles slide around

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11
Q

What do liquids do when contained in a container?

A

They take the shape of the container, but they keep their volume

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12
Q

How are liquids affected by gravity?

A

Liquids flow with gravity because their particles are clustered together enough

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13
Q

What happens to the particles in a solid?

A

The particles are tightly packed, they cannot move around, only vibrate

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14
Q

What do solids do when contained in a container?

A

They do not take the shape of the container, they keep their own volume and shape, they hold their shape

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15
Q

What does the Particle Model state?

A
  1. All substances are made of tiny particles
  2. All particles in a pure substance are the same. Different pure substances are made of different particles.
  3. Particles have space between them.
  4. Particles are always in motion-vibrating, rotating, and in liquids and gases, moving from place to place. The speed of the particles increases when the temperature increases, while the particles decrease when the temperature decreases.
    The particles in a substance are attracted to one another. The strength of the attractive force depends on the type of particle.
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16
Q

What happens if you heat a substance?

A

It will change states, melting, vapourization, sublimation, and the particles in the substance gain energy.

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17
Q

What happens when you cool a substance?

A

It changes states, freezing, sublimation, condensation, and the particles in the substance lose energy.

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18
Q

What can all matter be split into?

A

Pure substances and mixtures.

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19
Q

What are pure substances?

A

Substances that contain only one type of particle and they can exist in all three states of matter.

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20
Q

What are mixtures?

A

Substances that contain two or more pure substances.

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21
Q

What can all pure substances be split into?

A

Elements and compounds.

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22
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance. Ex. iron and gold

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23
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two pure substances put together. Ex. water, salt, sugar

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24
Q

What can all mixtures be put into?

A

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.

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25
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

A substance that appears to be one substance and the particles of different substances are intermingled. Every sample of this mixture will have the same matter. Ex. Vinegar, clean air

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26
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A substance that two or more parts can be seen and different kinds of particles stay together. Means made up of parts. Ex. Soil, concrete

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27
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs.

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28
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A heterogeneous mixture in which the particles slowly settle after mixing. Ex. Italian dressing

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29
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A heterogeneous mixture in which the particles do not settle. Ex. Milk

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30
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

A protein added to a colloid so that its particles do not join in clumps. Ex. Mayo

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31
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. Ex. Sugar, salt

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32
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. Ex. Water (universal), acetone

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33
Q

What does it mean if something is soluble?

A

When a solute can be dissolved in a solvent. Ex. Sugar is soluble in water

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34
Q

What is solubility?

A

The mass of solute that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.

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35
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution where no more solute will be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.

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36
Q

What is an unsaturated solution?

A

A solution where more solute could be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent.

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37
Q

What is a super saturated solution?

A

A solution that contains more solute than would normally dissolve in a certain amount of solvent in a certain temperature.

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38
Q

What are particles always attracted to?

A

Each other

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39
Q

What is the separation method for salt water and why does it work?

A

Evaporation, Distillation, Condensation, and De-Salination. because water evaporates and salt is left behind.

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40
Q

What is the separation method for muddy water and why does it work?

A

Let settle, evaporation, filtration. Because mud can be filtered or water can evaporate.

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41
Q

What is the separation method for nuts and bolts and why does it work?

A

Pick it apart with your hands, magnetism. Because you can pick it apart or use a magnet if one is made of iron.

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42
Q

What is the separation method for iron filling and dirt and why does it work?

A

Use magnets or flotation. Because due to its density, the iron will sink.

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43
Q

What is the separation method for oil and sand and why does it work?

A

Filtration, floatation, boil it, evaporation. Because oil and sand have different boiling points.

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44
Q

What is the separation method for oil and water and why does it work?

A

Decant, evaporation. Because oil will float on water.

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45
Q

What is the separation method for salt and pepper and why does it work?

A

Add water, evaporation, static electricity. Because salt will dissolve in H20 and pepper will not.

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46
Q

What is the separation method for styrofoam and blocks and why does it work?

A

Pick it apart, floatation, static electricit. Because you can use your hands to pick them apart.

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47
Q

What is the separation method for pennies and dimes and why does it work?

A

Pick it apart, magnetism, coin separation machine. Because you can pick them apart or use a magnet.

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48
Q

What is the separation method for wood chips and bricks and why does it work?

A

Add water/floatation, density shaking, pick it apart. Because wood chips float in water while bricks sink.

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49
Q

How does the “Desert Tent” for distillation work?

A

The water in the middle pan with unpure water gets heat from the sun causing the water to evaporate. When the rising water vapour comes in contact with the cooler plastic sheets, it condenses. The drops of water run down the plastic into containers that now contain pure water.

50
Q

What type of mixture is dirt?

A

Heterogeneous

51
Q

What type of mixture is a silver bracelet?

A

Homogeneous

52
Q

What type of mixture is pond water?

A

Heterogeneous

53
Q

What type of mixture is recycled paper?

A

Heterogeneous

54
Q

If a mixture appears to be a white liquid with no visible substances, can it be classified as homogeneous?

A

No, because it could be an in-between mixture that looks like it is homogeneous, but is actually heterogeneous.

55
Q

Why can air be classified as homogeneous and heterogeneous?

A

Because clean air can be homogeneous while dirty air can be heterogeneous.

56
Q

What is a mechanical mixture?

A

A heterogeneous mixture

57
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture

58
Q

What is a solubility curve?

A

A curve that shows the solubility of different solutes in water (or another solvent) at different temperatures.

59
Q

If the dot is on the solubility curve what does that mean?

A

That the solution will be saturated.

60
Q

If the dot is above the solubility curve what does that mean?

A

That the solution will be super saturated.

61
Q

If the dot is below the solubility curve what does that mean?

A

That the solution will be unsaturated.

62
Q

What is a cloud?

A

Heterogeneous or mechanical mixture

63
Q

What is a solution of zinc and copper?

A

Brass

64
Q

What is a substance that does the dissolving?

A

Solvent

65
Q

What is the behaviour among particles that affects the solubility of a material?

A

Attraction

66
Q

What is a solvent that is able to remove grass stains?

A

Rubbing alcohol

67
Q

What is a mixture that is formed when one substance dissolves in another?

A

Solution

68
Q

What is a term that means “not able to be dissolved in a particular substance”?

A

Insoluble

69
Q

What is a solute found in soda water?

A

Carbon dioxide

70
Q

What is a substance that dissolves in another substance?

A

Solute

71
Q

What is a term that means “solute and solvent becoming evenly mixed”?

A

Dissolving

72
Q

What is a term that means “able to be dissolved in a particular substance”?

A

Soluble

73
Q

What is an example of a gas-gas solution?

A

Air

74
Q

What is a major solute in ocean water?

A

Salt

75
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Material Information System

76
Q

What does the WHMIS symbol with an R mean?

A

Dangerously Reactive

77
Q

What does the WHMIS symbol with a fire mean?

A

Flammable and Combustible Material

78
Q

What does the WHMIS symbol with skull mean?

A

Poisonous and Infectious Material Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects

79
Q

What does the WHMIS symbol with a hand mean?

A

Corrosive Material

80
Q

What does the WHMIS symbol with a circle fire mean?

A

Oxidizing Material

81
Q

What does the WHMIS symbol with a cylinder mean?

A

Compressed Gas

82
Q

What is flow rate?

A

How fast a liquid can flow from one place to another.

83
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The resistance to flow

84
Q

What is friction?

A

When two surfaces are rubbed together.

85
Q

What happens when the temperature around a liquid increases?

A

The attractive forces in the liquid decrease.

86
Q

What happens when the temperature around a liquid decreases?

A

The attractive forces in the liquid increase.

87
Q

What happens when the temperature around a gas increases?

A

The attractive forces in the gas increase.

88
Q

What happens when the temperature around a gas decreases?

A

The attractive forces in the gas decrease.

89
Q

When there are low attractive forces in a gas what is the viscosity?

A

High viscosity

90
Q

When there are high attractive forces in a gas what is the viscosity?

A

Low Viscosity

91
Q

When there are low attractive forces in a liquid what is the viscosity?

A

Low Viscosity

92
Q

When there are high attractive forces in a liquid what is the viscosity?

A

High Viscosity

93
Q

What is density?

A

How close together particles are together. Or the mass per unit of volume of substance.

94
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter inside a substance. Measured using a scale or balance.

95
Q

What is volume?

A

The total space that a substance takes up. Measured in LxWxH or measuring the amount of water that spills out when putting the object in water.

96
Q

What is weight?

A

The amount of gravity pushing on an object.

97
Q

What is force?

A

Something that causes an object to change its motion. Ex. push, pull

98
Q

What is gravity?

A

A force that pulls objects towards the middle of the Earth.

99
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

A mass-to-volume ratio. Calculated by mass/volume.

100
Q

What is capacity?

A

The most amount of fluid a container can hold. Measuring in cm or mm usually.

101
Q

Are gases more or less dense than liquids?

A

less

102
Q

Are mass and weight the same?

A

No

103
Q

How are forces measured?

A

In Newtons (N)

104
Q

How much does gravity pull objects toward the Earth?

A

9.8 N per 1 kg of mass

105
Q

What happens when you calculate the density of a pure substance more than once?

A

As long as the temperature and pressure stay the same, the mass-to-volume ratio, or density, of any pure substance is the same.

106
Q

What is buoyancy?

A

The tendency for materials to rise or float in a fluid.

107
Q

What would happen if we did not have buoyancy?

A

Materials could not be transported from place to place.

108
Q

What is a buoyant force?

A

The upward force, away from Earth, exerted on objects submerged in fluids.

109
Q

What does floating mean?

A

When an object does not fall or sink but stays suspended in the fluid it is in

110
Q

How is buoyant force measured?

A

In Newtons (N)

111
Q

What is average density?

A

The total mass of all substances on board divided into the whole volume of the hull (boat).

112
Q

What is the difference between the buoyant force in water compared to air?

A

The buoyant force in air is lower than the buoyant force in water.

113
Q

Why can things float?

A

The amount of buoyant force that pushes against an object in a fluid is equal to the force of gravity or weight.

114
Q

What is happening if an object does not rise or sink in a fluid?

A

The amount of force pulling down, gravity, is equal to the amount of force pushing up (buoyancy).

115
Q

What is neutral buoyancy?

A

When the gravity of something equals the buoyancy.

116
Q

What is Archimedes’ Principle?

A

The buoyant force acting on an object equals the force of gravity of the fluid displaced by the object.

117
Q

What do buoyant forces depend on?

A

The weight of the displaced fluid.

118
Q

What do buoyant forces depend on in a liquid?

A

Density, not physical state

119
Q

What happens if a liquid has a high density?

A

It will have a high buoyant force

120
Q

What is a hydrometer?

A

An instrument used to measure density, also used in the food industry.

121
Q

What do you have to do to make anything sink?

A

Lower the volume, also surface area

122
Q

What do you have to do to make anything float?

A

Increase the volume and surface area , spread out weight and mass

Science 8 (2 decks)

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