Mix

Question 1

Each step in a metabolic pathway is controlled by…

Answer 1

A specific enzyme

Question 2

The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction is called

Answer 2

The activation energy

Question 3

Enzymes lower the activation energy

True or false

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What are the two types of inhibitors?

Answer 4

Competitive

Non competitive

Question 5

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 5

Molecules with similar structural shape to normal substrate of the enzyme and can fit to the active site

Question 6

Non competitive inhibitor

Answer 6

Enzyme inhibition by a substance that permenantly alters the active site of an enzyme

Question 7

Substrate

Answer 7

Substance on which an enzyme acts

Question 8

Activation energy

Answer 8

Input energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 9

What is ATP made up of

Answer 9

ADP plus Pi

Question 10

Stages of aerobic respiration

Answer 10

Glycolysis (CYTOPLASM)
Citric acid cycle (CENTRAL MATRIX OF MITOCHONDRIA)
Electron transfer cycle (INNER MEMBRANE OF MITOCHONDRIA)

Question 11

What is glycolysis?

Answer 11

Splitting of glucose into pyruvate using ATP

Question 12

Citric acid cycle

Answer 12

Second stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 13

Name two respiratory substances

Answer 13

Sugars
Glycogen
Amino acids
Fatty acids

Question 14

Describe the role of the coenzymes NAD and FAD

Answer 14

NAD and FAD transport hydrogen and high energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 15

Pyruvate

Answer 15

End product of glycolysis

Question 16

What is the metabolic rate

Answer 16

The amount of energy used in a given period of time

Question 17

Single circulatory systems

Answer 17

Used by fish
Has heart with two chambers
An atrium and a ventricle

Question 18

Incomplete double circulatory system

Answer 18

Amphibians and reptiles

Three heart chambers (right and left atria and ventricle)

Question 19

Complete double circulatory system

Answer 19

Birds and mammals
Four chambers - two atria and two ventricles
Complete separation of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood

Question 20

Alveoli

Answer 20

Microscopic parts of the gas exchange system in vertebrate lungs

Question 21

Low oxygen niche

Answer 21

Way of life in a habitat with little oxygen present such as at high altitude or in a deep ocean

Question 22

What is meant by a Metabolic rate

Answer 22

Rate of consumption of energy by an organism

Question 23

Conformers

Answer 23

An animal who’s internal environment is dependent on its environment

Question 24

Regulator

Answer 24

Animal that can adjust its metabolic rate to maintain a steady internal state

Question 25

What is the term homeostasis

Answer 25

Maintenance of a steady state in the cells of a living organism

Question 26

Negative feedback

Answer 26

System of maintaining homeostasis in regulator organisms

Question 27

Give two abiotic factors that affect the ability of an organism to maintain its metabolic rate

Answer 27

Temp Salinity Oh

Question 28

Dormancy

Answer 28

Part of an organisms life cycle and is the stage associated with resisting or tolerating periods of environmental adversity

Question 29

Dormancy can be....

Answer 29

Predictive or consequential

Question 30

Predictive dormancy

Answer 30

Occurs when an organism becomes dormant before the onset of adverse conditions

Question 31

Consequential dormancy

Answer 31

When an organism becomes dormant after the onset of adverse conditions

Question 32

Aestivation

Answer 32

Form of dormancy that allows animals to survive in high temps or drought in the summertime

Question 33

Migration

Answer 33

Response by an organism to avoid adverse conditions by relocating

Question 34

Phases of growth in microorganisms

Answer 34

Lag phase Log phase Stationary phase Death phase

Question 35

Lag phase

Answer 35

Growth of microorganisms adjust to the conditions of the culture by indicating the production of enzymes that metabolise the available substitutes No cell division occurs at this stage

Question 36

Log phase

Answer 36

Growth of population doubles

Question 37

Stationary phase

Answer 37

When rate of production of new cells is equal to the death rate of older cells and there is no increase

Question 38

Death phase

Answer 38

Toxic accumulation of metabolites causes the death rate of cells to be greater than the production of new cells

Question 39

Precursors

Answer 39

Substance that is acted upon by an enzyme to ensure production of a desired metabolite

Question 40

Inducers

Answer 40

Substance that triggers the production of a specific enzyme which produces a metabolite

Question 41

Inhibitor

Answer 41

Can be used to avoid the breakdown of a required product

Question 42

Describe two features of microorganisms that make them useful for a variety of research and industrial uses

Answer 42

Use a wide range of substances for metabolism Produce a wide range of products from their metabolic pathways Ease of cultivation Speed of growth

Question 43

Mutagenesis

Answer 43

Process of including mutations

Question 44

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 44

Activities in which DNA is moved from one species to another

Question 45

Ethical issues of recombinant DNA tech

Answer 45

In favour: Improves nutrition and quantity of food Improves environment - reduction of uses of pesticides and fertiliser Improves health Against: Unsafe for foods/drugs Organisms they contain escaping Genes are self perpetuating

Question 46

Genetic vector

Answer 46

Used to carry genetic material from one cell to another

Question 47

Give an example of a mutagenic agent which can increase the rate of mutation in an organism

Answer 47

Ultra violet light

Question 48

State two methods by which wild strains of microorganisms could be improved

Answer 48

Mutagenesis Selective breeding and culture Recombinant DNA technology