Mitral Valve Disease Flashcards
1
Q
What is mitral regurgitation?
A
- Incompetent mitral valve allows blood to leak back during systolic contraction of left ventricle
2
Q
What are the causes of MR?
A
- LV dilatation
- Mitral annular calcification
- IHD
- Rheumatic fever
- Infective endocarditis
- MItral valve prolapse
- ruptured cordae tendinae
- papillary muscle dysfunction
- Ehler’s danlos, Marfan’s
3
Q
A
4
Q
Sx of MR
A
- Dyspnoea
- fatigue
- palpitations
5
Q
Sound of MR
A
- pan-systolic high pitched whistling murmur @ apex, radiating to axilla
- soft S1, split S2, loud P2
- best heard with diaphragm
6
Q
What does pan-systolic mean?
A
- persistent throughout
7
Q
What are the signs of MR?
A
- AF
- displaced apex beat
8
Q
What test will you order for MR?
A
- ECG
- AF
- p-mitrale
- LVH
- CXR
- big LA
- big RA & LV
- mitra valve calcification
- pulmonary oedema
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac catheterizaiton
9
Q
How would you mx MR?
A
- Control rate for fast AF
- beta blockers, digoxin, verapamil
- Anticoagulate if AF
- abixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxiban
- Diuretics
- Prosthetic valve
10
Q
What is the most common valvular abnormality?
A
- mitral valve prolapse
11
Q
What is mitral valve prolapse associated with?
A
- Arterioseptal defect
- PDA
- cardiomyopathy
- Turner’s syndrome, Marfan’s syndrome
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- WPW
12
Q
What sound will you hear for Mitral Valve Prolapse?
A
- Mid systolic click
- late systolic murmur
- Heard @ cardiac apex with diaphragm
13
Q
What are the cx of MVP?
A
- MR
- cerebral emboli
- arrhythmias
- sudden death
14
Q
What is mitral stenosis?
A
- narrow mitral valve making it difficult for LA to push blood through ventricles
15
Q
What causes MS?
A
- Rheumatic fever (most common)
- Infective endocarditis
- Prosthetic valve
