Aortic Valve Disease Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most common valve disease?
A
- Aortic stenosis
2
Q
What causes aortic stenosis?
A
- Senile calcification
- bicuspid valve
- Williams syndrome
- Rheumatic Heart disease
3
Q
What is the classic triad for AS?
A
- angina
- syncope
- HF
4
Q
Apart from the triad, what are the other sx of AS?
A
- chest pain
- exertional dyspnoea
- syncope
- systemic emboli if infective endocarditis
- sudden death
5
Q
What sound does AS generate?
A
- ejection-systolic murmur
- Heard loudest on expiration
- cresendo-decrescendo
6
Q
What are the other signs of AS?
A
- murmur radiates to carotids
- slow rising pulse with narrow pulse pressure
7
Q
What are the significant signs of AS?
A
- low volume pulse
- narrow pulse pressure
- slow rising carotid pulse
- undisplaced, forceful apex beat
- soft/absent A2
- ejection systolic murmur + 4th HS
- PO
8
Q
What are the differentials for AS?
A
- Aortic sclerosis
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
9
Q
What test will you order for AS?
A
- ECG
- LVH
- p-mitrale
- LAD
- LBBB
- complete AV block
- CXR
- LVH
- calcified aortic valve
- Echo
- Doppler echo
- Cardiac catheter
10
Q
How would you mx AS?
A
- valve replacement
- TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) - if unfit for surgery
11
Q
What is aortic sclerosis?
A
- senile degenration of the valve
12
Q
What is the feature of aortic sclerosis?
A
- ejection systolic murmur but no carotid radiation
- normal pulse
13
Q
What are the acute causes of aortic regurgitation?
A
- infective endocarditis
- ascending aortic disection
- chest trauma
14
Q
What are the chronic causes of AR
A
- Marfan’s, Ehlers-danlos, osteogenesis imperfecta
- rheumatic fever
- Takayasu arteritis
- RA
- SLE
- appetite suppressants (fenfluramine, phentermine)
- seronegative arthritides
- HTN
15
Q
What are the sx for AR?
A
- exertional dyspnoea
- orthopnea
- PND
- palpitations
- angina
- syncope
- CCF
