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Cardio > Mitral valve disease > Flashcards

Mitral valve disease Flashcards

1
Q

Mitral regurgitation causes

A 
LV dilatation
Annular calcification in elderly
IE
Connective tissue disorders
Structural damage
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2
Q

Mitral regurgitation signs + symptoms

A

Dyspnoea
Fatigue
Palpitations

AF
Pansystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla

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3
Q

Mitral regurgitation heart sounds

A

Soft S1
Split S2
Loud P2

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4
Q

Mitral regurgitation investigations

A

ECG shows AF, p-mitrale if in sinus rhythm
CXR shows big LA+LV, mitral valve calcification
Echo to assess LV function + MR severity/ aetiology
Cardiac catheterisation to confirm diagnosis, exclude other valve disease + assess CA disease

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5
Q

Mitral regurgitation management

A

Control rate if fast AF
Anticoagulate if needed

Diuretics for symptoms
Surgery for deteriorating symptoms, repair/replace valve before LV irreversibly impaired

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6
Q

What is mitral valve prolapse

A

Most common valvular abnormality

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7
Q

Mitral valve prolapse RFs

A 
PDA
Cardiomyopathy
Turner's
Marfan's
Osteogenesis imperfecta
WPW
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8
Q

Mitral valve prolapse complications

A

Mitral regurgitation
Cerebral emboli
Arrythmias
Sudden death

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9
Q

Mitral valve prolapse tests

A

Echo diagnostic

ECG may show inferior T wave inversion

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10
Q

Mitral valve prolapse management

A

Beta blockers for palpitations/chest pain

Surgery if severe MR

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11
Q

Mitral stenosis causes

A 
Rheumatic fever
Congenital
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Malignant carcinoid
Prosthetic valve
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12
Q

Mitral stenosis presentation

A

Normal orifice area 4-6cm, when <2cm symptoms start
Pulmonary HT symptoms
Large LA pressure on recurrent laryngeal, oesophagus
Fatigue, chest pain, palpitations

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13
Q

Mitral stenosis signs

A 
Malar flush due to low CO
AF
Palpable S1
Graham-Steell murmur
Diastolic murmur longer when more severe stenosis
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14
Q

Mitral stenosis tests

A

ECG shows AF, p-mitrale, RVH
CXR shows LA enlargement, pulmonary oedema, mitral valve calcification
Echo is diagnostic
Cardiac catheterisation indicated if previous valvotomy, signs of other valve disease or calcified MV

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15
Q

Mitral stenosis management

A

Rate control for AF
Anticoagulate if AF
Diuretics
Balloon valvuloplasty if diuretics fail + pliable non-calcified valve
Open mitral valvotomy/ replacement are surgical options

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16
Q

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presentation

A

Same as MI with ECG and troponin changes

Ventricular contraction morphology changes in response to emotional stress

Cardio (15 decks)

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