Mitral Regurgitation

Question 1

What are the consequences of mitral regurgitation. (2)

Answer 1

Increasing regurgitate jet leads to an increase in LV volume and reduction in cardiac output.

Question 2

What are the causes of mitral regurgitation. (14)

Answer 2

Rheumatic heart disease. 
Ischaemic heat disease. 
Post-infarction. 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 
Degenerative calcification (elderly). 
Infective endocarditis. 
Mitral valve prolapse.
Cardiomyopathy. 
Congenital.
Appetite suppressants. 
Ruptured chordae tendinae. 
Papillary muscle dysfunction/rupture. 
Functional (LV dilatation). 
Connective tissue disorders (Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan's).

Question 3

What are the symptoms of mitral regurgitation. (6)

Answer 3

Dyspnoea. 
Fatigue. 
Palpitations.
Infective endocarditis symptoms. 
Orthopnoea. 
Right sided heart failure.

Question 4

What are the clinical signs of mitral regurgitation. (11)

Answer 4

Jerky pulse. 
Soft S1.
Split S2. 
Loud P2.  
Displaced apex beat. 
Apical thrill. 
AF.
RV heave.
3rd heart sound. 
Pansystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla. 
Pulmonary oedema.

Question 5

What can be seen on the ECG of a patient with mitral regurgitation. (3)

Answer 5

May show LA and RA enlargement.
AF.
P mitrale.

Question 6

What can be seen on a CXR of a patient with mitral regurgitation. (3)

Answer 6

Big LA and LV.
Mitral valve calcification.
Pulmonary oedema.

Question 7

The more severe the mitral regurgitation, the ______ the ____ ventricle.

Answer 7

Larger.

Left.