Mitosis quiz

Question 1

The stages of a cell cycle

Answer 1

Interphase
Cell grows,
DNA
duplicates,
cell prepares
to divide
Mitosis and
Cytokinesis
Cell division

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Interphase is the longest stage
This stage is where the cell performs its normal
functions
Growth, cellular respiration, specialized functions
Its genetic material is also copied in preparation for
cell division
Chromosomes become invisible
Interphase is NOT a resting stage!

Question 3

DNA duplication

Answer 3

occurs so that the 2 new cells created
after cell division will have a completely new set of
chromosomes – the instructions for life.

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

DNA is a double
stranded molecule made
of sugars, phosphates
and nitrogen bases.

Question 5

There are 4 nitrogen
bases:

Answer 5

adenine (A)
guanine (G)
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)

Question 6

Cell division occurs in 2 stages:

Answer 6

1. Mitosis: Nuclear matierls are divided
2. Cytokenisis: Cytoplasm are organelles are divided

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

First phase of mitosis
Long strands of DNA
condense and are
visible under the
microscope as
chromosomes
Nuclear membrane
dissolves

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

The double stranded
chromosomes line up
in the middle of the
cell called the
equator or
metaphase plate
Spindle fibers attach
to the chromosomes

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

The centromere splits and
the sister chromatids
separate.
The spindle fibres pull the
sister chromatids to the
opposite sides of the cell
The sister chromatids are
now called “daughter
chromosomes”.
They are single stranded

Question 10

Telaphase

Answer 10

The daughter
chromosomes stretch
out, become thinner and
are no longer visible
A nuclear membrane
forms around each
group of daughter
chromosomes
The cell appears to have
2 nuclei at this stage.

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Jelly-like substance that fills the calls and surrounds the organelles

Question 12

Cell membrane

Answer 12

provides an important barrier that protects the cell’s interior. The cell membrane also keeps molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids inside the cell. It also keeps toxic materials like ions, alkalis, and acids outside the cell.

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

Cells control center
Controls growth and reproduction
Contains DNA cells

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Supply energy, powerhouse cells.

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

interconnected small tubes that carry matieriels through the cell. to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

Question 16

Golgi Bodies

Answer 16

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Question 17

Vacuoles and
Vesicles

Answer 17

store nutrients, wastes and other substances used by cell.
When water enters cell, central vacuole swells causing plant cell to become firm. Vesicles transport substances throughout the cell.

Question 18

Goblet cells and cilia in trachea

Answer 18

The orange cells are goblet cells. They secrete mucus. The parts that look like green grass are cilia—hair-like extensions of cells. The cilia can move. They move mucus along the trachea to trap and remove any inhaled dust and dirt.

Question 19

Red Blood Cells

Answer 19

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin that carries oxygen in blood. The cells are smooth so that they can easily pass through the blood vessels.

Question 20

Muscle cells

Answer 20

Muscle cells are arranged in bundles called muscle fibres. Muscle cells can contract, which makes the fibre shorter and causes bones to move.

Question 21

Fat cells

Answer 21

Fat cells have a large vacuole in which to store fat molecules. This is how the cell stores chemi- cal energy.

Question 22

Skin cells

Answer 22

Layers of skin cells fit together tightly, cover- ing the outside of the body to protect the cells inside and to reduce water loss.

Question 23

WHite blood cells

Answer 23

White blood cells can move like an amoeba to engulf bacteria and fight infection.

Question 24

Bone cells

Answer 24

Bone cells collect calcium from food and allow the growth and repair of bones. They build up bone around themselves, creating the body’s skeleton.

Question 25

Sperm cells

Answer 25

Sperm cells are able to move independently, carrying DNA from the male parent to join with an egg cell from the female parent.

Question 26

Photophores

Answer 26

Some animals that are active mainly at night, and others that live deep in the ocean, have cells that can emit light. These cells are called photophores.

Question 27

Xylem cells

Answer 27

Some plant cells transport water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant.

Question 28

Pholem cells

Answer 28

Other cells transport dissolved sugars around the plant.

Question 29

Storage cells

Answer 29

Storage cells contain special structures that store starch, a source of energy for the plant.

Question 30

Epideral cells

Answer 30

Epidermal cells on young roots have hairs that absorb water from the soil.

Question 31

Guard cells

Answer 31

Guard cells in the surface of leaves control water loss.

Question 32

Photosynthetic cells

Answer 32

Photosynthetic cells contain many chloroplasts to collect energy from sunlight to make sugar for the plant.

Question 33

Purposes of cell division

Answer 33

Reproduce

Repair Damage

Grow

Question 34

A sexual reproduction

Answer 34

producing offspring
from one parent ; the
offspring are
genetically identical to
the parent

Question 35

Sexual reproduction

Answer 35

A cell from one parent joins with a cell
from another parent.

These cells are different from normal
body cells , as they contain half the
number of chromosomes found in
body cells.

Question 36

Half cells are called gametes

Question 37

Cell division for growth

Answer 37

It is better for an organism to have many
small cells than one big cell.

When a cell gets too large:

Nutrients and water cannot move through it fast
enough.

Wastes cannot exit fast enough

Question 38

Osmosis

Answer 38

Water enters and leaves a cell by a process

Question 39

Cell division for repair

Answer 39

Everyday your body sheds skin cells that
are replaced by new skin cells

Red blood cells are replaced every 120
days

Every cut and blister needs new cells to
fill in the gaps

If you break a bone, cells divide to heal
the break.

Question 40

chromatin

Answer 40

chromosomes are called chromatin during interphase because they are invisible under a microscope
and are all mixed up.