Mitosis quiz Flashcards
The stages of a cell cycle
Interphase
Cell grows,
DNA
duplicates,
cell prepares
to divide
Mitosis and
Cytokinesis
Cell division
Interphase
Interphase is the longest stage
This stage is where the cell performs its normal
functions
Growth, cellular respiration, specialized functions
Its genetic material is also copied in preparation for
cell division
Chromosomes become invisible
Interphase is NOT a resting stage!
DNA duplication
occurs so that the 2 new cells created
after cell division will have a completely new set of
chromosomes – the instructions for life.
DNA
DNA is a double
stranded molecule made
of sugars, phosphates
and nitrogen bases.
There are 4 nitrogen
bases:
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
Cell division occurs in 2 stages:
- Mitosis: Nuclear matierls are divided
- Cytokenisis: Cytoplasm are organelles are divided
Prophase
First phase of mitosis
Long strands of DNA
condense and are
visible under the
microscope as
chromosomes
Nuclear membrane
dissolves
Metaphase
The double stranded
chromosomes line up
in the middle of the
cell called the
equator or
metaphase plate
Spindle fibers attach
to the chromosomes
Anaphase
The centromere splits and
the sister chromatids
separate.
The spindle fibres pull the
sister chromatids to the
opposite sides of the cell
The sister chromatids are
now called “daughter
chromosomes”.
They are single stranded
Telaphase
The daughter
chromosomes stretch
out, become thinner and
are no longer visible
A nuclear membrane
forms around each
group of daughter
chromosomes
The cell appears to have
2 nuclei at this stage.
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance that fills the calls and surrounds the organelles
Cell membrane
provides an important barrier that protects the cell’s interior. The cell membrane also keeps molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids inside the cell. It also keeps toxic materials like ions, alkalis, and acids outside the cell.
Nucleus
Cells control center
Controls growth and reproduction
Contains DNA cells
Mitochondria
Supply energy, powerhouse cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
interconnected small tubes that carry matieriels through the cell. to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
Golgi Bodies
a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
Vacuoles and
Vesicles
store nutrients, wastes and other substances used by cell.
When water enters cell, central vacuole swells causing plant cell to become firm. Vesicles transport substances throughout the cell.
Goblet cells and cilia in trachea
The orange cells are goblet cells. They secrete mucus. The parts that look like green grass are cilia—hair-like extensions of cells. The cilia can move. They move mucus along the trachea to trap and remove any inhaled dust and dirt.
Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin that carries oxygen in blood. The cells are smooth so that they can easily pass through the blood vessels.
Muscle cells
Muscle cells are arranged in bundles called muscle fibres. Muscle cells can contract, which makes the fibre shorter and causes bones to move.
Fat cells
Fat cells have a large vacuole in which to store fat molecules. This is how the cell stores chemi- cal energy.
Skin cells
Layers of skin cells fit together tightly, cover- ing the outside of the body to protect the cells inside and to reduce water loss.
WHite blood cells
White blood cells can move like an amoeba to engulf bacteria and fight infection.
Bone cells
Bone cells collect calcium from food and allow the growth and repair of bones. They build up bone around themselves, creating the body’s skeleton.
