Mitosis & Meosis

Question 1

3 phases of mitosis

Answer 1

interpase
mitosis
cytokinesis

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

cell grows and carries out its normal functions, replication of chromosomes
• In between stages of dividing
• G1-beginning cell growth
• S-DNA duplicates
• DNA is in form of chromatin
G2-cell undergoes its function

Question 3

prophase

Answer 3

DNA condenses and becomes shorter and thicker
The nuclear membrane dissolves and disappears
The spindle fibers (which attach to the chromosomes during cell division) begin to form

Question 4

metaphase

Answer 4

Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell with the help of spindle fibres attached to the centromere of each replicated chromosomes (sisters chromatids)

Question 5

anaphase

Answer 5

Chromosomes split in middle (centromere divide)

Sister chromatods are puled by the spindle fibres to opposite poles of the cell

Question 6

telophase

Answer 6

Chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell and begin to unwind
Spindle fibres dissolve and nucleus membrane forms around chromosomes

Question 7

cytokinesis

Answer 7

Cytokinesis: rest of the cell divides
• The actual splitting of the cytoplasm and all organelles into 2 separate cells called daughter cells
• Occurs differently in both plants and animal cells
Each daughter cell is identical to the parent cell

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

• Sexual reproduction involves 2 parents
  
  • Meiosis the formation of genetically diverse gametes (sex cells)
  • Hereditary material is exchanged (mixed and transferred)
  • Each species had a specific number of chromosomes

Question 9

stages of meiosis

Answer 9

interphase
prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase 1
prophase 2
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
telophase 2

Question 10

interphase (meiosis)

Answer 10

At the end of interphase chromosomes have replicated

Chromatin begins to condense

Question 11

prophase 1

Answer 11

Chromatin shorten to form chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapse) to form tetrads

Question 12

metaphase 1

Answer 12

Homologous chromosomes line up randomly (in pairs) across equator of cell
Centromeres of chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

Question 13

anaphase 1

Answer 13

Homologous chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers towards poles of cell

Question 14

telophase 1

Answer 14

Cell begins to divide into daughter cells
Each daughter cell can get any combo of maternal or paternal chromosomes
Cell has then divided into two daughter cells

Question 15

prophase 2

Answer 15

Nuclear membrane dissolves

Spindle fibers begin to form again

Question 16

metaphase 2

Answer 16

Chromosomes line up on spindle fibers

Sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres

Question 17

anaphase 2

Answer 17

centromeres split and sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of cell
Chromatids now called (single stranded) chromosomes

Question 18

telophase 2

Answer 18

With the formation of 4 cells, meiosis is over

Each of these prospective germ cells carry half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells