Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology (11) > Diversity Test Review > Flashcards

Diversity Test Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Taxonomy

A 
Taxonomy: the science of identifying/classifying all organisms
	• Kingdom
	• Phylum
	• Class
	• Order
	• Family
	• Genus
	• species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

Dichotomous Key: tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world that consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phylogenetic Tree & Clades

A

PHYLOGENETIC TREE:
• A diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups (previously called cladogram)
• Differs from Dichotomous keys because Dichotomous keys focus on categories based on morphology (physical features) and Phylogenetic trees focus on categories based on common ancestors (evolutions)
CLADES:
• A taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants. Each clade on phylogenetic tree can be thought of as a branch on the tree of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of Virus

A

• Small, non living particles
○ Genetic material surrounded by a protein capsule called capsid
○ No cytoplasm
○ Many are less than 1um in diameter
○ Cant grow/reproduce on their own
○ Create no waste
○ Don’t produce/use energy on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacterial Cell reproduction

A

SEXUALLY: the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes)
ASEXUALLY: reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lytic vs Lysogenic

A

LYTIC
• Viral DNA hi jacks the ribosomes of host
• Ribosomes used to make and assemble duplicates or original virus (mass produced)
• Once they reach certain amount, viral cell lyse (explode) the host cell and spread out to infect other cells
○ This can be entered from lysogenic cycle
○ If this continues, the virus will kill host organism
LYSOGENIC
• Viral DNA integrates into host DNA and remains silent
• Whenever host DNA replicates, viral DNA replicates
• Allows the virus to replicate and pass to other organism without detection or immediately harming host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

A 
PROKARYOTES:
single-celled organism
no distinct nucleus with a membrane 
no other specialized organelles
EUKARYOTES:
have membrane-bound organelles
have nucleus
multi-cellular organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gram Stain Test

A

staining technique for identifying bacteria, in which a violet dye is applied, followed by a decolorizing agent and then a red dye. The cell walls of certain bacteria (denoted Gram-positive ) retain the first dye and appear violet, while those that lose it (denoted Gram-negative ) appear red. Also called Gram’s method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermophilic, Heterotrophic, Psychrophilic, Autotrophic

A

Thermophilic: Arachaebacteria that can withstand extreme heat
Heterotrophic: cannot make their own nutrients, must eat other organism as source of nutrients
Autotrophic: can make their own nutrients and energy
Psychrophilic:Arachaebacteria that can withstand extreme cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

beneficial uses of bacteria

A
  • Some bacteria have the ability to synthesize antibiotics- Streptomyces to make aminoglycoside antibiotics
  • They are useful in genetic engineering- the production of interferon and growth hormones
  • Some bacteria are being used to degrade oil spills, remove toxic materials from soil and other ways to clean the environment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

classifying viruses

A

• Difficult, since they lack most traits of living things
• Share only one trait of living things
○ Reproduce (but need host)
• Classified by morphology: size, shape, and types of genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protists movement

A

AMOEBA: Amoebas move by changing the shape of their body, forming pseudopods (temporary foot-like structures)
CILIATES:Ciliates and have hundreds of tiny cilia which beat in unison to propel them through the water.
ZOOFLAGELLATES:move by their flagella (whip-like structure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protists reproduction

A

Asexually: binary fission
—> bacteria, archeae
Sexually: conjugation
—> Animalia, plantae, bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Saprophyte

A

a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyphae vs Mycelium

A

HYPHAE: each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus
MYCELIUM:the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reproductive structure of Fungus above ground?

A

n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reproductive cycles of fungus

A 
• Fungi are haploid
		○ when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes
	• Haploid spores grow into hyphae
	• Two hyphae fuse and become DIKARYOTIC
		○ Cell with two distinct nuclei
	• Dikaryotic hyphae undergo meiosis and produce 4 haploid spores
		○ Spores temporaryily diploid
	• Spores released into environment
18
Q

uses vs harms of Fungi

A 
Fungi are helpful to us in the products they produce but may also be harmful for the diseases they cause.
USES: 
yeast for bread making
Fermentation creates beers, wines, other alcoholic beverages and ethanol
HARMS:
Athletes foot
Oral thrush
Yeast infections
19
Q

Difference between Fungi and plants

A

Fungi lack chlorophyll and do not engage in photosynthesis.
Plants engage in photosynthesis which produces glucose from carbon dioxide and sunlight.
Plants are autotrophs
Fungi are heterotrophs

20
Q

Symbiotic Relationship

A

A close, prolonged association between two or more different organisms of different species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member.
–> FUNGI AND PLANTS
• Mycorrhizae
○ Symbiotic relationship between fungi and tree roots
○ Hyphae of fungi provide tree roots with water and mineral nutrients
○ Plant in turn provide fungi with food

21
Q

Gametophyte vs Sporophyte

A

ALTERATION OF GENETICS:
Gametophyte Generation -haploid (1N) generation is the gametophyte that produces gametes
– Haploid spores are produced which undergo cell division and grow into new plant
– The plant is haploid and when mature produces gametes
– These gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote which grows into a diploid sporophyte plant and then plant is in the…….
Sporophyte Generation-diploid( 2N) generation is the sporophyte that produces spores by meiosis

22
Q

Bryophyte, Pteridiophyte, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm

A

BRYOPHYTE:
dominant part of life cylce is Gametophyte
PTERIDIOPHYTE
dominant part of life cylce is Sporophyte
GYMNOSPERMS
dominant part of life cylce is Sporophyte
ANGIOSPERMS
dominant part of life cylce is sporophyte

23
Q

Adaptations of plants on land vs water

A

new strategies for male gametes to reach female gametes since they can swim to one another
resistancy to drought developed

24
Q

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms

A

Angiosperms, also called flowering plants, have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary (usually a fruit), while gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits, and have unenclosed or “naked” seeds on the surface of scales or leaves.

25
Q

Angiosperm vs. Bryophyte lifecycle

A

bryophyte spends majority of its lifecycle in the gametophyte stage whil ethe angiosperm spends most ts life in the sporophyte stage

26
Q

Porifera vs Cnidaria

A 
PORIFERA
are sessile
asymmetrical
no nerves
CNIDARIA
ability to move due to muscle tissue
radial symmetry
nerves
27
Q

function of mouth in cnidaria?

A

serves as both mouth and anus (to dispose of waste)

28
Q

Radial vs Bilateral symmetry

A

RADIAL: bodies arranged around central axis
—> jellyfish
BILATERAL: have left and right sides that are mirrored images
—> lobsters

29
Q

area of sense prgans and nerve cells in bilaterally symmetrical animal?

A

Most animals have their sensory organs clustered at their anterior end, or head/spinal cord (5 senses)
it allowed for the evolution of more effective mouth-parts for capturing and processing food.

30
Q

Advanatge vs Disadvanatge of Radial Symm.

A 
ADVANTAGE:
omnidirectional
--> can run and move in any direction
DISADVANTAGE:
they can't develop a head with specialized sense organs
power of locomotion poor
31
Q

Coelom

A

a body cavity present in some animals; contains the animal’s internal organs

  • -> advanatge: digestion and absorbtion of food
  • -> provides circulatory system
32
Q

Platyhelminthes vs. Nematoda

A

DIFFERENCES: Flatworms do not have a body cavity, whereas roundworms have a pseudocoelem.

33
Q

Humans have segemented bodies?

A 
YES, thought to have evolved from bilaterally symmetrical ancestors with segmented bodies. 
SEGMENTATIONS: 
abdomen
thoracic
head
34
Q

Why more earthworms after rain?

A

earthworms surface during rain storms for migration purposes

when soil wet=easier to move

35
Q

Exoskeleton vs Endoskeleton

A

exoskeleton is rigid external covering for the body
–> crabs
endoskeleton is an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton
–> humans

36
Q

Humans

A

Gas exchange in the human body occur in lungs
–> breath in O2 through mouth and nose goes down trachae through lungs and converted to CO2
humans use endoskeleton to support and move bones and muscles in order to move (bipedial)
digestive system consists of mouth-esophagous-stomach-colon
Circulatory system: blood goes through left side of heart then to right side (where oxygenated) of heart then out aorta and dispered through body

37
Q

features all animals have in common

A

multicellularity, eukaryotic cells and heterotrophy

38
Q

structure of Bacterial cell

A

n

39
Q

eubacteria Gram + or -?

A
  • Cell wall may be present (peptidoglycan) (Gram +)

* Cell wall may be diminished or absent and instead covered in lipids fats (Gram -)

40
Q

spores vs gametes

A

the difference between a “spore” and a “gamete” is that a spore will germinate and develop into a sporeling, while a gamete needs to combine with another gamete to form a zygote before developing further.

41
Q

protists vs bacteria

A

protists are eukaryotic organisms, while bacteria are prokaryotes
Protists part of Protista Kingdom while bacteria part of Eubacteria kingdom

Biology (11) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions