mitosis/meiosis - transcription/translation Flashcards
what is the cell cycle?
G1 - prepares for DNA replication
S - DNA replication
G2 - prepares for cell division
M - cell division
mitosis cycle
dipole cell goes through one round of replication and division
produces two daughter cells
same chromosomes as parent cells
meiosis cycle
diploid cell goes through one round of replication and two rounds of division
produces 4 haploid daughter cells
each cell has half chromosome of parent cells
how does meiosis lead to diversity?
crossing over
random assortment of chromosomes
state the enzyme, substrate and template for DNA replication.
enzyme - DNA Polymerase
substrate - dNTPs
template is DNA
state the enzyme, substrate and template for transcription
enzyme - RNA Polymerase
substrate - NTPs
template - DNA
state the enzyme, substrate and template for translation
enzyme - ribosome
substrate - amino acids
template - mRNA
name the stages of transcription
initiation - promotes recognition and binding
elongation - transcribe by RNA Polymerase
termination - sequence dependent termination of RNA chain
in eukaryotes what are the post transcription factors to change pre-mRNA to mature mRNA?
capping - addition of a 5’ cap
tailing - addition of 3’ poly A tail
splicing - removal of introns
name the stages of translation process?
initiation - AUG codon recognition, forms functional ribosome
elongation - translates RNa message to protein
termination - stop Condon recognised, ribosome separates
how is DNA packed within nucleus?
supercoiled in histones called a chromatin
what enzyme unwinds DNA?
topoisomerase
what enzyme separates the DNA strands?
helicase
what enzyme joins DNA strands back together?
primase
what is meant by rho dependant?
rho protein cause polymerase to break away, terminate transcription
