Mitosis/Meiosis and Gene Probability

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

cell division that results in the daughter cells having the same amount of cells as the two parent cells

Question 2

cytokinesis

Answer 2

the last step in cell division; splits two daughter cells apart

Question 3

cell cycle

Answer 3

four stage process that divides cells

Question 4

prophase

Answer 4

first stage of cell division; chromosomes pair up and nuclear envelope disappears

Question 5

metaphase

Answer 5

2nd stage of cell division; chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

third stage of cell division; chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell

Question 7

chromosomes

Answer 7

threadlike structure found in nucleus of most living organisms; carries genes

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

part of the chromosome where the spindle fibers attach

Question 9

spindle

Answer 9

attach to the chromosomes in a cell and are responsible for moving the chromosomes to opposite ends of a cell

Question 10

metaphase plate

Answer 10

plane in the middle of the cell that is equal distance from the two poles of the dividing cell

Question 11

heredity

Answer 11

passing of physical/mental traits genetically to an offspring

Question 12

genetics

Answer 12

genetic properties/characteristics of an organism

Question 13

self-pollination

Answer 13

plants pollinate themselves

Question 14

cross-pollination

Answer 14

plants pollinate other plants

Question 15

trait

Answer 15

distinguishing characteristic of an organism

Question 16

purebred

Answer 16

an animal bred from parents of the same breed or variety; is always homozygous

Question 17

hybrid

Answer 17

offspring of two parents who are not the same breed; heterozygous

Question 18

gene

Answer 18

heredity transferred from parents to offspring that determine their characteristics

Question 19

dominance

Answer 19

one gene is expressed more over another gene because of dominant and recessive genes in parents

Question 20

recessive

Answer 20

one gene is expressed less over another because of the parents specific genes

Question 21

segregation

Answer 21

before you mix genes of parents the individual genes have to separate; Aa turns into A and a

Question 22

independent assortment

Answer 22

one gene can go with any other parent gene when crossing to form an offspring

Question 23

homozygous

Answer 23

two dominant or two recessive genes; AA or aa

Question 24

heterozygous

Answer 24

one dominant and one recessive gene together; Aa

Question 25

chiasmata

Answer 25

spot where genes cross over