Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards
Learning some thing about babies and stuff.
Mitosis
The process of a cell dividing/growing.
Cytokinesis
The process of a cell dividing into two sister cells.
Chromosomes
23 are received from each parent, found in all cells.
Centromere
Center point or area of a chromosome.
Trait
A genetically determined feature.
Gene
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Dominant
In geneology, a dominant gene would be an upper case letter such as B.
Recessive
In geneology, a recessive gene is signified as a lower case letter. ie b.
Phenotype
A visible to the eye trait such a wings on a dragon.
Genotype
A geneotype is one set of genes from a parent such as, Bb.
Homozygous
A homozygous pair is when a pair of traits are the same whether they be dominant or recessive. BB or bb.
Heterozygous
A heterozygous pair is when the pair has one recessive gene and one dominant gene. Such as Bb.
Monohybrid Cross
When two sets of genes, each consisting of two genes, are crossed, can see results with a punnet square.
Dihybrid Cross
Same as a monohybrid cross, but consists of two sets of four genes, also can see results with a punnet square.
Diploid
Contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid
A single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Crossing Over
Process that takes place in meiosis, where a homologous pair will “trade” DNA.
Alleles
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Gametes
A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Zygote
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes.
Prophase
The first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.
Metaphase
The second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.
Anaphase
The stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
Telophase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
