Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

The process of a cell dividing/growing.

Question 2

Cytokinesis

Answer 2

The process of a cell dividing into two sister cells.

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

23 are received from each parent, found in all cells.

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

Center point or area of a chromosome.

Question 5

Trait

Answer 5

A genetically determined feature.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 7

Dominant

Answer 7

In geneology, a dominant gene would be an upper case letter such as B.

Question 8

Recessive

Answer 8

In geneology, a recessive gene is signified as a lower case letter. ie b.

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

A visible to the eye trait such a wings on a dragon.

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

A geneotype is one set of genes from a parent such as, Bb.

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

A homozygous pair is when a pair of traits are the same whether they be dominant or recessive. BB or bb.

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

A heterozygous pair is when the pair has one recessive gene and one dominant gene. Such as Bb.

Question 13

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 13

When two sets of genes, each consisting of two genes, are crossed, can see results with a punnet square.

Question 14

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 14

Same as a monohybrid cross, but consists of two sets of four genes, also can see results with a punnet square.

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

Contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 16

Haploid

Answer 16

A single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 17

Crossing Over

Answer 17

Process that takes place in meiosis, where a homologous pair will “trade” DNA.

Question 18

Alleles

Answer 18

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 19

Gametes

Answer 19

A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Question 20

Zygote

Answer 20

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes.

Question 21

Prophase

Answer 21

The first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.

Question 22

Metaphase

Answer 22

The second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

Question 23

Anaphase

Answer 23

The stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

Question 24

Telophase

Answer 24

The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Question 25

Genetic Variation

Answer 25

The difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population.