Cell Energy

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.

Question 4

Autotrophs

Answer 4

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Heterotrophs

Answer 5

An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 6

Pigments

Answer 6

The natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.

Question 7

Chlorophyl

Answer 7

A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP for short, is the energy currency of life. ATP is a high-energy molecule found in every cell. Its job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy.

Question 9

ADP

Answer 9

A nucleotide C10H15N5O10P2 composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups that is formed in living cells as an intermediate between ATP and AMP and that is reversibly converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group.

Question 10

AMP

Answer 10

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleoside triphosphate, i.e. a type of nucleotide particularly comprised of a nucleoside and a phosphate group.

Question 11

Light Reactions

Answer 11

The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Dark or Synthesis Reactions

Answer 12

The cycle of reactions (the Calvin cycle) which occurs in the second phase of photosynthesis and does not require the presence of light.

A synthesis reaction is a type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product.

Question 13

Krebs Cycle

Answer 13

The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.

Question 14

Glycolysis

Answer 14

The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Question 15

Respiration

Answer 15

A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Question 16

Aerobic

Answer 16

Relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen.

Question 17

Anaerobic

Answer 17

Relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

Question 18

Fermentation

Answer 18

The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

Question 19

Lactic Acid

Answer 19

A colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.

Question 20

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 20

Alcoholic fermentation is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

Question 21

Homeostasis

Answer 21

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

Question 22

The Law of Conservation of Mass or Energy

Answer 22

The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time.

In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

Question 23

Chromatography

Answer 23

The separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which the components move at different rates.