mitosis, meiosis Flashcards
the genetic materials of the cell in the form of long thin threads of DNA wrapped around histone proteins
chromatin fibers
carry the genes of the organisms
chromosomes
serves as an attachment of the spindle fibers where the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles during cell division
kinetochore
paired organelles found in the cytoplasm near the nucleus and become visible only to take part in cell division
centrioles
formed from the microtubules which are miniature tubes supporting the cell and similar to the skeleton of the body
spindle fibers
2 main stages of cell division
interphase & mitosis phase
undergoes rapid growth where organelles are formed
gap 1
non-dividing cells stay here
gap 1
dna doubles in this phase
synthesis phase
at the end of this stage, each chromosome is made up of 2 sister chromatics attached at centromere
synthesis
preparations for cell division
gap 2
assembly of proteins are here
gap 2
cell division phase
mitosis
what is the division of the nucleus called
karyokinesis
what the division of the cytoplasm is called
cytokinesis
results to 2 daughter cells
mitosis
spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes & nuclear envelope breaks down. nucleolus also disappears
prophase
what kind of cell
there is cleavage furrow that separates the daughter cells
animal cells
what kind of cell
cell plate separates daughter cells
plant cells
there are two identical daughter cells after this
cytokinesis
are surveillance mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the major events of the cell cycle.
cell cycle checkpoitns
ensures that cell is ready to undergo DNA synthesis or S phase
g1 checkpoint
make sure that the cell is mature enough to undergo M phase
g2 checkpoint
occurs during metaphase stage of cell division, sees to it that the cell is ready to complete cell division
m checkpoint
results from the inability to control their normal growth mechanisms
cancer
are proteins that signal the cell cycle checkpoints.
cyclins
provides the necessary signal for the cell to start or stop mitosis
cyclins
are enzymes that remove phosphate from ATP and attach it to another molecule.
kinases
Through this removal and attachment of phosphates in different molecules involved in mitosis, cell cycle control is achieved.
kinases
proteins chromatin fibers wrap around
histone proteins
