cytology Flashcards
revolves around the concept the cell is the fundamental unit of life
cytology
the term “cell” was first introduced by an english scientist in 1667
Robert Hooke
hooke used one of the earliest microscopes to examine …
thin slices of cork from the bark of a tree
building blocks of life
cells
simplest units that exhibit the characteristics of life
cells
one of the basic principles of biology
cell theory
3 principles of cell theory
- cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
- all living organisms are composed ofcells.
- cells arise from pre-existing cells.
“the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.”
Robert Hooke
2 types of organisms
unicellular & multicellular
“all animals are made up of cells. ”
Theodor Schwann
“all plants are made of cells.”
Matthias Schleiden
“cells arise from pre-existing cells.”
Rudolf Virchow
“proto”
first
“plasm”
form
the protoplasm of a cell is made up of …
- cell membrane
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
aka plasma membrane
cell membrane
controls substances entering or leaving a cell
cell membrane
“gatekeeper of the cell”
cell membrane
described as a “fluid mosaic”
cell membrane
control center of the cell
nucleus
controls cell growth & repair of worn-out parts of cells
nucleus
double-layer membrane of nucleus
nuclear envelope
dense material in nucleus
nucleoplasm
largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
nucleolus
site of ribosome biogenesis
nucleolus
a complex of DNA and proteins called “histones” that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
chromatin
the channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transport of molecules between thenucleus and the cytoplasm.
nuclear pore
the part of the protoplasm between the cell surface membrane and the nucleus.
cytoplasm
the combination of cytosol and organelles
cytoplasm
parts embedded within the cytoplasm
organelles
a rigid organelle that provides support, protection and shape of the cell
cell wall
cells with cell walls
- plants
- fungi
- bacteria
cell wall of plants
cellulos
cell wall of fungi
chitin
cell wall of bacteria
peptidoglycan
“the highway system”
endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm, continuous with the nuclear membrane.
endoplasmic reticulum
function: protein synthesis
rough endoplasmic reticulum
function: lipid synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
sausage-shaped power generator
mitochondrion
converts oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate.
mitochondrion
adenosine triphosphate
energy of the cell
mitochondrion
infolding of the inner membrane
cristae
mitochondrion
it is the liquid inside the mitochondrion.
matrix
“the storage tank”
vacuole
a space within a cell that is empty of cytoplasm, lined with a membrane, and filled with fluid.
vacuole
function: storage of food, water and wastes.
vacuole
“the suicide bags”
lysosome
contains hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
lysosomes
function:
*used to digest food and protection
*break down the cell when it dies
lysosomes
the death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development.
apoptosis
small organelle that is present in the cytoplasm of many cell that contains enzymes.
peroxisomes
function:
- absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired
- plays a part in the way organisms digest alcohol(ethanol)
peroxisomes
organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis.
chloroplasts
“the post office”
golgi apparatus
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most cells
golgi apparatus
function:
*waste secretion
* intracellular transport
golgi apparatus
minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells
centrioles
occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
centrioles
not considered as an organelle because it lacks membrane covering.
ribosomes
serves as the site of protein synthesis.
ribosomes
“the framework”
cytoskeleton
gives the cell shape and help organize its parts.
cytoskeleton
study of structures & functions of cells
cytology
study of structures & functions of cells
cytology
