Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Flashcards
what is the cell cycle?
an ordered set of events beginning from the time the cell is formed until it divides
where does the cell spend 90% of its time?
in interphase
10% of a cell’s life is spent in the
mitotic phase
what is mitosis?
nuclear division where the nucleus and its contents divide
what is cytokinesis?
where the cytoplasm divides in half and forms two new cells
unicellular organism increase the size of their population by
cell division
multicellular organisms use cell division to
increase their overall size
what are the three individual subphases of interphase ?
G1, S, G2
during interphase the cell…
begins and continues to grow, replicating its DNA and preparing for cell division
what does mitosis involve?
the separation of two complete copies of all the genetic material in the cell nucleus…copies navigate towards the poles of the cell
during cytokinesis the cell divides through the
equator to produce two new cells
the two new cells each have…
a complete copy of all the genetic information
What is the purpose of mitosis?
to ensure that each daughter cell will identically compliment the genetic make-up of the parent cell
mitosis is divided into four stages called?
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
thin white sections of white fish embryo are called
corengonas
sections of onion root are called?
allium cepa
what occurs during G1?
produce proteins, enzymes, organelles, and molecules necessary for DNA replication
during interphase chromosomes appear as
chromatin (long strands of DNA)
what occurs during the S phase?
DNA replicates and the chromosomes duplicate forming sister chromatids
what occurs during the G2 phase?
cell continues to grow and prepare for division
sister chromatids are
duplicated chromosomes joined at a centromere
during prophase…
the nuclear region becomes a darker oval as the chromatin condenses into distinct chromosomes
what happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?
it disappears
what happens during metaphase?
chromosomes become clustered at the equator, and centromeres line up on the plate
during anaphase the sister chromosomes?
move towards opposite ends of the cell
in animal cells telophase is characterized by the appearance of
a cleavage furrow
what is a cleavage furrow?
a shallow groove in the cell’s surface
in plant cells telophase is characterized by the appearance of
a cell plate
the formation of a cell plate marks the beginning of
cytokinesis
what happens during cytokinesis?
the cytoplasm, organelles, and cytosol divides forming two new daughter cells
