Mitosis And The Cell Cycle

Question 1

What are G1 s and G2 collectively known as?

Answer 1

Interphase!

Question 2

How does mitosis differ in plants and animals?

Answer 2

In animals cells separate through Cytokinesis where cleavage forms and the two cells separate. In plants a cell plate divides the cells and forms a cell wall.

Question 3

What does the G stand for in G1/2

Answer 3

Growth!

Question 4

What does S stand for?

Answer 4

Synthesis

Question 5

What happens in G1?

Answer 5

The cell grows the organelles it needs to survive

Question 6

What happens in S?

Answer 6

Dna is replicated

In interphase DNA IS CHROMATINS!

Question 7

What role do Histones do?

Answer 7

They are proteins that dna coil themselves to keep it neat and prevent spagghetification.

Question 8

What are chromatins?

Answer 8

Readable DNA, easy to tease apart, semi tidy

Question 9

What are chromosomes?

Answer 9

Unreadable dna, protected as cannot unravel, like a suitcase.

Question 10

What is Apotopsis?

Answer 10

Cells killing themselves

Question 11

How can histones be used in cancer treatments?

Answer 11

Chemicals can target problem genes and get the histones to wrap them up tightly prevent them from being read and therefore replicating stopping the spread.

Question 12

What happens in G2?

Answer 12

Replicate machinery used to allow separation. Eg centriole and spindle fibres

Question 13

What is the centriole

Answer 13

Move to either side of the cell and throw spindle fibres on the lines up chromosomes to pull them apart.

Question 14

How can we diagnose cancerous cells by looking at them?

Answer 14

Shape of nucleus- if it looks perfectly spherical ✅
- if like Death Star in return of the Jedi ❌
Compare rate of mitosis to avg.

Question 15

What is cancer?

Answer 15

When a normal body cell mutates it may divide to produce a clone of cells that form a Tumour.

Question 16

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumours?

Answer 16

Benign tumours don’t spread however they may still compress and damage nearby tissues. Malignant tumours spread they develop their own blood and lymph supply which can transport malignant cells all around the body, they divert resources so they can grow better.

Question 17

What is meiosis?

Answer 17

Meiosis is responsible for the formation of gametes. It produces 4 non identical daughter cells that are haploid.

Question 18

What are oncogenes and prongenes ?

Answer 18

Oncogenes are accelerators and Prince genes are brakes, both work together to control mitosis. Both need to fail (external factors eg smoking) in order to garuntee cancer.