Mitosis and the cell cycle Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
The process of cell growth and division
Where does the cell cycle start and end?
When a new cell has been produced
When it divides to form 2 new cells
What does the cell cycle consist of?
Cell growth
DNA replication
Interphase (G1 S and G2)
Mitosis
Which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds in the DNA?
DNA helicase
What does each single DNA strand act as?
A template for the new strand
How does the DNA form?
Free- floating nucleotides join to the exposed bases G with C and T with A
How are the new nucleotides spliced together when DNA replication takes place?
By DNA polymerase
When DNA replicates how many of the strands are from the original strand?
One of them (semi conservative replication)
What does mitosis produce?
2 genetically identical daughter cells
What is the order of the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
What is mitosis for?
Growth and repair of cells
What happens in prophase?
Chromosomes condense
Centrioles move to poles forming spindle
nuclear envelope breaks down
What happens in interphase?
DNA replication
Organelle replication
ATP increases
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes line up and attach to middle by the centromere
What happens in anaphase?
The centromeres divide separating the sister chromatids.
The spindle contracts and thepulls the chromatids to the opposite ends of the cell
