Mitosis and Meiosis Test Review Flashcards
What is one of the major divisions of mitosis
Interphase, cells are performing their primary functions and preparing for cell division
Which phases of the cell cycle represent interphase
G1, S, G2
What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle
Chromosomes are duplicated, each chromosome results in two sister chromatids attached at a centromere
What occurs during the G1 phase
The cell grows, proteins are increased and organelles duplicate
Which phase do cells spend most of their time
They spend more than 75% of their time in interphase
Which phase does the nuclear membrane disappear
Prophase phase of mitosis.
Which phase does the chromatids separate at the centromeres; spindle fibers pull them to the poles
Anaphase
Which phase doesn’t belong to mitosis
cytokinesis
Describe cytokinesis in plant cells
A plate forms from vesicles fused together in the center of the cell, separating the cell into two
What are homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same gene messages for traits, one from the mother and one from the father
What are products of meiosis
four haploid cells
During which division does the halving of chromosomes occur
both Meiosis I and II
What does crossing over in prophase 1 lead to
greater genetic variation
True or False, most cells in the human body undergo mitosis, except for those “stuck” in the G0 phase or that perform meiosis
True
When treating many types of cancer, the treatments often result in loss of hair because:
They target cells that divide quickly such as cancer cells and hair follicle cells
Crossing over occurs when
Only during meiosis
True or False, Most plant and animal cells undergo mitosis, both plants and animals are able to perform meiosis
True
The G0 phase is a part of:
Mitotic interphase, where certain cells are never give the signal to proceed with cell reproduction
Somatic cell
any cell of a a living cell other than reproductive cells
Germ cells
A cell that develops into reproductive cells, egg/sperm
Meiosis
Cell division process where a single cell divides twice to produce four daughter cells
Chromosome
In the nucleus of each cell the DNA molecule is packaged into thread like structures
Haploid
Haploid have one set of chromosomes
Diploid
Diploid have two sets of chromosomes
