Biology 2 Test Review Flashcards
What is the type of fermentation used by muscle cells?
Lactic acid fermentation
What type of fermentation do bacteria and yeast use in bread, cheese, and yogurt production?
Alcoholic fermentation for yeast (bread). Lactic acid fermentation for bacteria (cheese).
Describe in your own words what photosynthesis is and why it is important
Photosynthesis is the process that plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. It is important because it provides energy for plants and oxygen for other organisms.
What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis? Use both words and formula form.
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O2
What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis? Use both words and formula form.
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O2
How are the equations for photosynthesis and respiration related?
The equation for photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration. Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while respiration releases energy from glucose.
Animals do not perform photosynthesis; however, it is essential to our survival. Explain this.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen, which animals need for respiration, and it provides glucose
equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H12O2 - Light - C6H12O6 + 6O2
cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
what cellular respiration is and why it is needed
Cellular respiration is a process that cells break down glucose into energy (ATP) that powers cellular activities. It is needed to sustain life by providing energy
Write the equation for cell respiration in words and chemical formula form
glucose + oxygen + carbon dioxide + water + ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
what step of cell respiration does glucose first get broken down?
glycolysis, glucose is broken into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
Why do all organisms use glycolysis but not all use the Krebs cycle and ETC?
Glycolysis doesn’t need oxygen, so it can happen in all organisms, including anaerobic ones. The Krebs cycle and ETC need oxygen and are part of aerobic respiration, which only some organisms perform.
What is the difference between an aerobic process and an anaerobic process
Aerobic processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not.
Name the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP are produced in each step? What is the total ATP produced?
3 Processes of CR and #ATP Produced
Glycolysis 2
Krebs Cycle 2
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) ~32-34
Total ATP produced per glucose ~36-38
What is fermentation and why is it important
Fermentation is a process that cells make energy without the use of oxygen. Without fully breaking down glucose, they break down small amounts of energy (ATP).
