Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

genomic sequence corresponding to a unit of inheritance

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

location of a gene on the physical map

Question 3

Cytology

Answer 3

chromosomes are stained for identification using special stains; result is G banding pattern characteristic to each chromosome

Question 4

What is the life cycle of a diploid, multicellular organism?

Answer 4

Meiosis and Gametogenesis -> Fertilization -> Mitosis and Differentiation -> Sexual Maturity -> Meiosis and Gametogenesis

Question 5

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 5

Interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases), Mitosis

Question 6

G1 phase

Answer 6

cells prepare for replication

Question 7

S phase

Answer 7

DNA replicates and new chromosomes are formed

Question 8

G2 phase

Answer 8

cells prepare for mitosis or division

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

asexual cell division for growth and development; steps: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis

Question 10

Prophase (Mitosis)

Answer 10

chromosomes condensed and replicated chromosomes become visible and attach to spindle via kinetochore; nucleolus and nuclear membrane start to disappear

Question 11

Metaphase (Mitosis)

Answer 11

chromosomes align @ the equatorial plate (middle line)

Question 12

Anaphase

Answer 12

sister chromatids separate & migrate to opposite poles

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

cell division starts and reformation of nucleus and nucleolus

Question 14

What is the result of mitosis?

Answer 14

An identical daughter cell w/ no change in genetic material or chromosome #.

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

sexual cell division used to make gametes and occurs in germ cells; steps: Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, and Cytokinesis

Question 16

What are the products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis (meiosis in male and female)?

Answer 16

Males: 4 sperms
Females: 1 egg and 3 degenernate polar bodies

Question 17

Prophase 1

Answer 17

chromosomes condense and replicated chromosomes become visible; homologous chromosomes pair (form tetrad) or synapse and exchange information; nucleolus and nuclear membrane start to disappear; spindles start to form

Question 18

Metaphase 1

Answer 18

homologous chromosomes pair at midplane; nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear and spindles form

Question 19

Anaphase 1

Answer 19

homologous chromosomes separate

Question 20

Telophase 1

Answer 20

cell division into two cells; nuclear membrane may appear

Question 21

Prophase 2

Answer 21

not much change; nuclear membrane breakdowns, spindle fibers begin to form and centrioles begin to move to poles

Question 22

Metaphase 2

Answer 22

Spindle forms, chromosomes align at midplane, and no pairing of chromosomes

Question 23

Anaphase 2

Answer 23

centromeres divide and sister chromatids are separated

Question 24

Telophase 2

Answer 24

nuclear envelope forms and cells start to divide into 4 haploid cells

Question 25

What is the difference between Anaphase 1 and Anaphase 2?

Answer 25

In Anaphase 1, homologous chromosomes separate. In Anaphase 2, sister chromatids separate.

Question 26

What is the result of meiosis?

Answer 26

4 genetically different haploid cells

Question 27

Independent assortment

Answer 27

Alleles of a locus assort independently during meiosis

Question 28

What occurs when there are two different types of alleles on a chromosome?

Answer 28

Ex: Gene A alleles assort independently of gene B alleles on different chromosome

Question 29

What is used to study cell division?

Answer 29

Neurospora crassa-haploid organism