Chromosome Mutations Flashcards

1
Q

Euploid

A

normal number of chromosomes for a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aneuploid

A

gain or loss of a chromosome or chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trisomic

A

gain of one chromosome; 2n+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Monosomic

A

loss of one copy of a chromosome; 2n-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nullisomic

A

loss of the two copies of the same chromosome; 2n-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Doubly monosomic

A

loss of one copy of two chromosomes; 2n-1-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tetrasomic

A

2 extra copies of a chromosome; 2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are deletions induced by?

A

heat or radiation, viruses or TEs, chemicals, and errors in recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interstitial

A

deletion b/w centromere and the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Terminal

A

deletion at chromosome end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are large deletions detected by using a karyotype?

A

unpaired loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tandem duplications

A

duplications that are adjacent to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reverse tandem duplications

A

inverted; genes arranged in the opposite order of the original

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Segmental duplications

A

duplications at distant positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is reversion to wild type possible and not possible?

A

Reversion to wild type is not possible when there is a deletion of the centromere resulting in an acentric chromosome that is lost usually w/ serious or lethal consequence.

Reversion to wild type is possible when duplication occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are large duplications detected in karyotypes?

A

unpaired loops

17
Q

Inversion

A

results when chromosome segments excises and reintegrates oriented 180 degrees from original orientation; can reduce fertility of the heterozygote due to the production of gametes w/ deletions and duplications; 2 types: paracentric and pericentric

18
Q

Paracentric

A

inversions do not include the centromere

19
Q

Pericentric

A

inversions include the centromere

20
Q

What are the products of paracentric and pericentric inversions?

A

Paracentric:
1. normal chromosome
2. deletion chromosome
3. inversion chromosome
4. deletion

Pericentric:
1. normal chromosome
2. deletion and duplication
3. inversion chromosome
4. deletion and duplication

21
Q

What are the effects of inversions?

A

-result in dramatic reduction in recombinant progeny -> small genetic distance (m.u.)
-increase in genetic variability
-speciation

22
Q

Translocation

A

represents a change in location of a chromosome segment; no DNA is lost or gained; 2 types: interchromosomal and intrachromosomal

23
Q

Intrachromosomal translocation

A

within the same chromosome

24
Q

Interchromosomal translocation

A

divided into 2 types diff. chromosome; 2 types: non-reciprocal and reciprocal

25
Non-reciprocal translocation
only one chromosome gets a translocated part
26
Reciprocal translocation
both chromosomes gets a translocated portion from each other
27
Translocation hetereozygote
from reciprocal balanced; semi-sterility is a diagnostic for translocation; in plants, half of the gametes are not viable, in animals gametes might be viable but half of the zygotes die, translocation shows pseudo linkage, useful for mapping and cloning genes
28
Which gametes from a translocation heterozygote testcross are viable?
a a and b b b+ a+ and a+ b+ not duplicated orange, deleted purple not duplicated purple, deleted orange