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CYTOGN1 > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Growth and Preparation of chromosomes for replication

A

Gap 1 (G1)

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2
Q

Stage when DNA replication occurs

A

Synthesis (S)

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3
Q

Preparation of mitosis

A

Gap 2 (G2)

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4
Q

Chromosome separates

A

Nuclear division

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5
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasmic division

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6
Q

Two basic types of cells

A

Somatic cells

Gametes

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7
Q

General body cells

A

Somatic cells

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8
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

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9
Q

number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell

A

46 chromosomes

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10
Q

the chromosomes are arranged in how many pairs

A

23

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11
Q

how many individual chromosomes in sex cells

A

23 individual chromosomes

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12
Q

Stages of Mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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13
Q

Cells are not dividing

A

Interphase

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14
Q

chromatin begins to coil and condense to form chromosomes

A

Prophase

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15
Q

Spindle grows and forms attachments to the chromosomes at the centromeres

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

Centromeres divide to create two chromosomes instead of a pair of attached chromatids

A

Anaphase

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17
Q

Nuclear envelopes reassemble and surround each set of daughter chromosomes

A

Telophase

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18
Q

Chromosomes are decondensed (called chromatin) and their information is available to the cell for synthesizing products

A

Interphase

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19
Q

The nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappears

A

Prophase

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20
Q

Chromosomes move to an equatorial plate (metaphase plate) which is formed along the midline of the cell between poles

A

Metaphase

21
Q

poles of the spindle apparatus are pushed apart as the cell elongates

A

Anaphase

22
Q

Nucleoli reappear inside the newly formed nuclei

A

Telophase

23
Q

Takes place only in the ovaries and testes

A

Meiosis

24
Q

Involves one duplication of the DNA and two cell divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II)

A

Meiosis

25
Q

A single cell divides into two

A

Meiosis I

26
Q

The two cells from meiosis I divides again

A

Meiosis II

27
Q

2 important processes that occur in Prophase I

A

Synapsis

Crossing over

28
Q

The coming together of two homologous chromosomes

A

Synapsis

29
Q

Segments of DNA from one chromatid in the tetrad pass to another chromatid in the tetrad

A

Crossing over

30
Q

subdivisions of Prophase I

A 
Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis
31
Q

Once ____ takes place, the cell is committed to meiosis

A

Leptotene

32
Q

Chromosomes appear threadlike

A

Zygotene

33
Q

Synapsis is complete during this stage

A

Pachytene

34
Q

Chromosomes continue to shorten and thicken

A

Diplotene

35
Q

Point at which crossing-over took place

A

Chiasmata

36
Q

Chromosomes reach their greatest contraction during this last stage of prophase

A

Diakinesis

37
Q

Characterized by disappearance of the nuclear membrane and formation of the meiotic spindle

A

Metaphase I

38
Q

Centromeres of each tetrad separate and migrate to opposite poles

A

Anaphase I

39
Q

The two haploid sets of chromosomes reach opposite poles and the cytoplasm divides

A

Telophase I

40
Q

Stages of Meiosis II

A 
Interphase II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
41
Q

No duplication of DNA

A

Interphase II

42
Q

The chromatin material condenses, and each chromosome contains two chromatids attached by the centromere

A

Prophase II

43
Q

The 23 chromosome pairs gather at the center of the cell prior to separation

A

Metaphase II

44
Q

The centromeres divide, and the 23 chromosome pairs (46 chromatids) divides

A

Anaphase II

45
Q

The chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells and become indistinct

A

Telophase II

46
Q

__1. homologous chromosomes independent

__2. homologous chromosome pair forming bivalents until anaphase I

A

Mitosis

Meiosis

47
Q

__1. Daughter cell haploids

__2. identical daughter cells

A

Meiosis

Mitosis

48
Q

__1. chromatids not identical, crossing over
__2. identical daughter cells
__3. daughter cells have new assortment of parental chromosomes

A

Meiosis
Mitosis
Meiosis

CYTOGN1 (2 decks)

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