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CYTOGN1 > History of Cytogenetics > Flashcards

History of Cytogenetics Flashcards

1
Q

Joint announcement of the theory of natural selection

A

1858
Charles Darwin
Alfred R. Wallace

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2
Q

Published the Origin of Species

A

1859

Charles Darwin

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3
Q

Published the results of his investigations of the inheritance of “factors” in pea plants

A

1866

Gregor Mendel

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4
Q
  • Isolated “nucleic acid” from pus cells

* First called as “nuclein”

A

1871

Friedrich Miescher

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5
Q

• Published the first illustration of chromosomes
• Chromatin is the stainable portion of the
nucleus
• First to use the term “mitosis”

A

1882

Walter Flemming

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6
Q

He introduced the word “chromosome”

A

1888

Waldeyer

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7
Q

Mendel’s principles were independently rediscovered and verified, marking the beginning of modern genetics

A

1900
Carl Correns
Hugo de Vries
Erich von Tschermark

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8
Q

Translates Mendel’s paper to English

A

1900

Gregory Bateson

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9
Q

• Pointed out the interrelationships between
cytology and Mendelism, closing the gap
between cell morphology and heredity
• Chromosome theory of inheritance

A

1902

Walter Sutton

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10
Q
  • Discovered linkage between genes

* Also coins the word “genetics”

A

1904

Gregory Bateson

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11
Q

Independently described the behavior of sex chromosomes
XX determines female
XY determines male

A

1905
Nettie Stevens
Edmund Wilson

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12
Q
  • Proposed that some human diseases are due to “inborn errors of metabolism” that result from the lack of a specific enzyme
  • Discovered Alkaptonuria
A

1908

Archibald Garrod

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13
Q

• Proposed a theory of sex-linked inheritance
for the first mutation discovered in the fruit fly,
‘Drosophila’ white eye
• This was followed by the gene theory,
including the principle of linkage

A

1910

Thomas Hunt Morgan

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14
Q

• Irradiated the red bread mold, Neurospora
and proved that the gene produces its effect by regulating particular enzymes
• 1 gene encodes 1 protein

A

1941
George Beadle
Edward Tatum

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15
Q

Reported that they had purified the
transforming principle in Griffith’s experiment and that it was DNA
DNA is the molecule that mediates
heredity

A

1944
Oswald Avery
Colin McLeod
Maclyn McCarty

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16
Q

Genetic material can be transferred laterally between bacterial cells

A

1946

Lederberg and Tatum

17
Q

Discovered a one-to-one ratio of adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine in DNA samples from a variety of organisms

A

1950

Erwin Chargaff

18
Q

Obtained sharp X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA

A

1951

Rosalind Franklin

19
Q

Solved the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecule

A

1953
Francis Crick
James Watson
Maurice Wilkins

20
Q

Discovered Trisomy 13 aka Patau’s syndrome

A

1960

Patau et. al

21
Q

Discovered Trisomy 18 aka E syndrome

A

1960

Edwards et. al

22
Q

Discovered Philadelphia chromosome – seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

1960

Nowell and Hungerford

23
Q

Produced the first recombinant DNA molecules

A

1972
Paul Berg
Herb Boyer

24
Q

Showed that a recombinant DNA molecule can be maintained and replicated in E. coli

A

1973
Annie Chang
Stanley Cohen

25
Q

Developed the chain termination method for sequencing DNA

A

1977

Fred Sanger

26
Q

Used blood samples collected by Nancy Wexler and her co-workers to demonstrate that the Huntington’s disease gene is on chromosome 4

A

1983

James Gusella

27
Q

Published a paper describing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the most sensitive assay for DNA yet devised.

A

1985

Kary B. Mullis

28
Q

Coined the term DNA fingerprinting and was the first to use DNA polymorphism in paternity, immigration, and murder cases.

A

1989

Alec Jeffreys

29
Q

Identified the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) on chromosome 7 that, when mutant, causes cystic fibrosis

A

1989
Francis Collins
Lap-Chee Tsui

30
Q

First gene replacement therapy-T cells of a four-year old girl were exposed outside of her body to retroviruses containing an RNA copy of a normal ADA gene. This allowed her immune system to begin functioning. Beginning of genome projects

A

1990

31
Q

Completion of the human genome

A

2001

CYTOGN1 (2 decks)

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