Mitosis

Question 1

Metabolic Awakening

Answer 1

Egg cytoplasmic pH rises 6.8->7.2 (triggers increase in protein synthesis)
Changes in cytoskeleton microtubules rearrange to allow pronuclear migration

Question 2

Preparation for Cleavage

Answer 2

Sperm delivers nucleus & MTOC (centriole)

Question 3

Karyotype

Answer 3

The array of all chromosomes in a cell

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

String like. 40% DNA+60% Proteins = Chromatin
Thread like (1st), condensed (2nd)

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Process where duplicated chromosomes divide & daughter chromosomes separate w/ 2 genetically identical nuclei

Question 6

Centromere

Answer 6

Chromosomes are attached here

Question 7

Kinetochore

Answer 7

Protein disk that is attachment sight for MTs

Question 8

Prophase

Answer 8

Replicated chromosomes become condensed –> spindle forms by MT growth from replicated centriole

Question 9

Prometaphase

Answer 9

Nuclear envelope breaks down, MTs from spindles bind to kinetochores

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

MTs have aligned chromosomes on midline of spindle

Question 11

Anaphase

Answer 11

Centromere region divides freeing the sister chromatids from each other
MTs connecting centriole to kinetochore shortens –> separating the sister chromatids

Question 12

Telophase

Answer 12

1. nuclear envelopes reform
2. spindle disassociates
3. chromosomes de-condense

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

Division of cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells

Question 14

Morphogens

Answer 14

• molecules in cells that trigger specific activity

- bind to chromosomes for new proteins to turn on/off genes

Question 15

Hyaline layer

Answer 15

Holds the cell together at the 2-cell stage