Cell Cycle

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

G1: growth, prep for DNA synthesis
S: DNA replication
G2: prep for mitosis

Question 2

Cyclin proteins

Answer 2

control movement through phases of cell cycle

Question 3

Kinase

Answer 3

enzyme transfer phosphate group from ATP onto a protein

Question 4

Cleavage patterns are determined by…

Answer 4

• Amount of distribution of yolk

- Orientation of mitotic spindle

Question 5

Blastomeres

Answer 5

Early embryotic cells, secrete ECM molecules b/w each other

Question 6

Holoblastic

Answer 6

form 2 complete and separate daughter cells

Question 7

Meridional

Answer 7

Cuts through both the animal and vegetal pole

Question 8

Sizes of Blastomeres

Answer 8

Micromere: small
Mesomere: med
Macromere: lg

Question 9

Blastocoel

Answer 9

ECM-filled central cavity in early SU embryo

Question 10

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Answer 10

1. Contains proteoglycans (lg protein-sugar molecules) –> resist compression
2. Collagen - long fibers, resist stretching, can give orientation to migrating cells
3. Fibronectin protein that can organize ECM b/c it has multiple binding sites

Question 11

Blastula

Answer 11

24 Hours after fertilization

1. Cells bind to each other by cell junctions
2. As blastula forms cells become ciliated
3. Cells release enzymes that digest/weaken fert. envelope

Question 12

Blastula Cell Orientation

Answer 12

Apical –> side w/ cilia

Basal –> side facing ECM