Mitosis

Question 1

Answer 1

interphase

Question 2

Answer 2

interphase
(2 cells in interphase)

Question 3

Answer 3

early prophase

Question 4

Answer 4

middle prophase

Question 5

Answer 5

late prophase

Question 6

Answer 6

late prophase

Question 7

Answer 7

metaphase

Question 8

Answer 8

metaphase

Question 9

Answer 9

beginning of anaphase

Question 10

Answer 10

late anaphase

Question 11

Answer 11

late anaphase

Question 12

Answer 12

telophase

Question 13

Answer 13

late telophase

Question 14

Answer 14

late telophase

Question 15

Answer 15

completed telophase

Question 16

name the three phases of interphase

Answer 16

G1, S phase, and G2

Question 17

what happens in G1 phase

Answer 17

cell grows in size

Question 18

what happens in S phase

Answer 18

chromosomes duplicate (still a diploid cell)

Question 19

what happens in G2 phase

Answer 19

centrioles duplicate
- now have 2 pairs, 4 total

Question 20

which is the longest phase(s) of mitosis

Answer 20

prophase and telophase

20-30 mins

Question 21

what are the 4 steps of prophase

Answer 21

1. nuclear membrane disappears
2. chromosomes condense / get shorter and fatter
3. spindle fibers grow and form mitotic apparatus
4. chromosomes attach to spindle fibers randomly

Question 22

what are the steps of metaphase

Answer 22

chromosomes line up in middle of mitotic apparatus

• spindle fibers are attached to the kinetochore region of the chromosome centromere (this happened in prophase)

Question 23

what are the 3 steps of anaphase

Answer 23

1. kinetochore spindle fibers shorten (pulling in separate ways and split each chromosome in 1/2)
2. chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes
3. polar spindle fibers continue to lengthen

Question 24

what are the 4 steps of telophase

Answer 24

1. spindle fibers disappear
2. chromosomes disperse (start to unfold)
3. nuclear membrane reappears
4. cytokinesis (happens while step 1-3 are occurring– envagination of plasma membrane)

• at end you have 2 daughter cells

Question 25

what type of cell do you start with and end with for mitosis

Answer 25

1 diploid cell and end with 2 daughter diploid cells

Question 26

what is G0 phase

Answer 26

• intermediate phase between G1 and S phase
• resting phase; no reproduction
• some cells stay here like cardiac and nerve

Question 27

whats a homologous cell

Answer 27

each chromosome has same genes on same locus (doesnt mean they have the same alleles– copy of genes)

Question 28

what does homozygous mean

Answer 28

2 of the same alleles are on 2 homologs

Question 29

what does heterozygous mean

Answer 29

2 different alleles on 2 homologs

Question 30

what is a chromatid and how many do you have after S phase

Answer 30

• it’s each copy of a chromosome
• 2 chromatids on each chromosome

Question 31

whats the breakdown of 23 chromosome pairs

Answer 31

22 pairs are autologs

1 pair are sex chromosomes

Question 32

chromosome pairings for male vs. female

Answer 32

male– XY
female– XX

Y is only real “sex” determining chromosome

Question 33

what is the reduction division step of meiosis and what does that mean

Answer 33

• after meiosis 1 we have 2 haploid cells
• means we have gone from diploid to haploid

Question 34

how many haploid cells do you have after meiosis 2

Answer 34

4