Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The formation of 2 new genetically identical daughter cells.

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2
Q

What is Mitosis used for?

A

It is how organisms grow and is the basis for simple asexual reproduction.

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3
Q

How many chromosomes in human body cells?

A

23 pairs, 46 in total.

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4
Q

What happens during Interphase with DNA?

A

DNA combines with proteins called histones to form a dense complex called chromatin.

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5
Q

What happens in Early Prophase?

A

-The chromosomes become more distinct.
-The centriole divides.
-The nucleolus becomes less prominent.

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6
Q

How do the chromosomes become more distinct?

A

-They coil up
-Get shorter and thicker
-take up stain more easily

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7
Q

What happens in Late Prophase?

A

-Chromosomes are more distinct and appear as 2 chromatids.
-Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
-Nucleolus shrinks and disappears
-Nuclear enveloped disintegrates.

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8
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

-Each centriole is at a pole. They produce spindle fibres.
-Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromosomes.
-Each centromere is attached to both poles.
-Chromosomes are pulled to the metaphase plate.

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9
Q

What happens in the Anaphase?

A

-Spindle fibres contract
-Centromere divides
-Each chromatid is pulled to opposite ends.
-Each half of the cell receives one chromatid from each chromosome.

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10
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

-Chromatids reach the poles.
-They begin to uncoil and becomes less distinct.
-The nuclear envelope starts to reform.
-NOW KNOWN AS CHROMOSOMES

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11
Q

What happens in Cytokinesis in Animal Cells?

A

-Cell Divides
-Starts by constriction from edges of the cell.
-Cytoplasm and Cell membrane are pulled inwards into the cleavage furrow.

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12
Q

What happens in Cytokinesis in Plant Cells?

A

-A cell wall is laid down.
-Vesicles containing cellulose line up down the middle of the cell.
-Cellulose is released, forming the cell wall separates the cell membrane and cytoplasm.

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