MITOSIS

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

A thread like structure of DNA that passes on genetic information in the form of genes

Question 2

Describe the structure of a chromosome

Answer 2

It is a double structure.
Consists of two identical chromatids-known as sister chromatids
Each chromatid contains a DNA molecule. The DNA molecule are identical, hence each chromatid also contain the same genes.
The chromatids are attached together by the centromere. The centromere is a region with no genes,
Telomeres found at the ends of each chromatid.

Question 3

How does a DNA molecule fit the nucleus?

Answer 3

The nuclear is 10-20 micrometers, however the total length of a DNA molecule is 1.8 meters. The DNA molecule is highly coiled and folded to fit the nucleus, it is held in that position by proteins known as histones

Question 4

How is histone able to interact with DNA?

Answer 4

Histones are basic while DNA is acidic, therefore are easily able to interact.

Question 5

Telomeres

Answer 5

Repetitive sequences of DNA at the of a chromosome that protects genes from shortening.

Question 6

Telomerase

Answer 6

Enzymes which add bases to telomers.

Question 7

What is the importance of telomeres?

Answer 7

Prevent loss of genes
Allow continous replication of the cell
Without telomeres chromosome ends would fuse together and corrupt the cells genetic blueprint leading to malfunction, cancer or cell death.