Mitosis Flashcards
Mitosis
Asexual reproduction via cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells which results in two genetically identical cells
Prokaryotes
organisms who lack a nucleus and other organelles. divided into two distinct groups: the bacteria and the archaea
Eukaryotes
organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Includes all animals, plants, fungi, and protists, as well as most algae.
Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures
Binary fission
A simpler and faster version of asexual reproduction that occurs in prokaryotic cells, it is more likely to produce mutations.
Meiosis
a single cell divides twice to produce four cells, each containing half the original amount of genetic information
Centrosome
an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression.
Centrioles
organelles that reside next to the nucleus within the centrosome that drift to opposite poles of the cell to assist in division
Microtubules
polymers that are make up the cytoskeleton, centrioles, and microtubules
Spindle fibers
fibers of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle from opposite centrioles and attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes
Cell Cycle Phases
Interphase
M Phase
Interphase
Most of the cell cycle, a cell grows and replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis.
M Phase
The actual mitosis of the cell cycle where a cell has its chromosomes condensed and divided
What is G1?
the initial growth stage
What is S?
Continued growth and DNA replication
What is G2?
Continued growth and preparations for final division
What is G0?
A resting phase that takes place when a cell lacks the nutrients to begin S, once enough nutrients are present the cell will return to G1 and go towards S
Prophase
Chromosomes coil up and condense while centrioles divide and move apart, the nuclear envelope starts to disappear, chromatin fibers pack together, the centrioles move to separate poles of the cell
Prometaphase
The centrioles produce spindle fibers and have attached to the chromosomes and are migrating to the center of the cell
Metaphase
The chromosomes form the metaphase plate to align for the centromere to be horizontal to be perpendicular to the spindle fibers so that when the fibers pull, they separate the pair
Anaphase
Sister chromatids have separated, and each side of the cell receives their pair by spindle fibers pulling them to the centrioles at each pole.
Telophase
Chromosomes are at each pole, spindle fibers disassociate, centrioles reposition, nuclear envelope begins to reform
Kinetochore
disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.
Cytokinesis
the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells
