Mitochondria and Chloroplast Flashcards
The division of the cell or of other biological structures into distinct regions with separate functions. (Google)
Compartmentalization
Mitochondria Function
- Cellular respiration,
- Generation of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate),
- From the breakdown of sugars, fats, and other fuels
- Generates energy in the presence of oxygen
- Aerobic Respiration
Primary carrier of energy of cells/ Primary energy source of the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate
Two Membranes of Mitochondria
- Smooth outer membrane
2. Highly folded inner membrane (Cristae)
- Selectively permeable membrane
- The site of attachment for the respiratory assembly of the electron transport chain and ATP Synthase.
- Has integral proteins and pores for transporting molecules just like the cell membrane
Outer Membrane
- Folds inward (called cristae) to increase surface for cellular metabolism
- Contains ribosomes and the DNA of the mitochondria
- Two enclosed space
Inner Membrane
- It is the major energy currency of the cell that provides the
energy for most of the energy-consuming activities of the cell. - Regulates many biochemical pathways
Adenosine Triphosphate
Chloroplast Function
- Site of photosynthesis - found in plants and algae
- Generate ATP and synthesize sugars
- Transforms solar energy into chemical energy
- Produce sugars from CO2 & H2O
Inner-fluid filled space
Stroma
Sacs where ATP is made
Thylakoids
Stacks of thylakoids
Grana/(um)
- About 10-20 nm thick
- Found between the outer and inner membrane of the chloroplasts
Intermembrane Space
- Forms a border to the stroma
- Regulates the passage of materials
- Synthesis of fatty acids, lipids, and carotenoids
Inner Membrane
- Alkaline, aqueous fluid that is protein-rich
- Space outside the thylakoids
- DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes
- Thylakoids
- Grana/(um)
Stroma
- Site for the light reaction of the photosynthesis
- Location of chlorophyll
Thylakoid System
Not part of the endomembrane system
Grow and reproduce
• Semi-autonomous organelles
Own circular chromosome
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
