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Biology Lesson 1 and 2 > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

The smallest unit of life

A

Cell

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2
Q

The three scientists that contributed to the development of cell theory are…

A

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.

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3
Q

Postulates of Cell Theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. Cell is the smallest unit of organism
  3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
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4
Q

Cell Types (2)

A
  1. Prokaryotic Cell

2. Eukaryotic Cell

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5
Q

Energy production without oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

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6
Q

Energy production with oxygen

A

Aerobic respiration

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7
Q

10-30 micrometers in length

Typically round or irregular in shape.

A

Animal Cell

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8
Q

10-100 micrometers in length

Typically rectangular or cubic in shape

A

Plant Cell

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9
Q

A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell much like an organ does in the body.

A

Cell Organelles

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10
Q
  • Largest and most obvious organelle that stores the cell’s DNA.
  • Cell’s command center.
  • Controls all the cell activities such as growth and metabolism using the DNA’s genetic information.
A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Prominent structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

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12
Q
  • Is the “soup” within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs.
  • Mostly water, and is full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors.
A

Cytosol

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13
Q
  • Is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol.
A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q
  • MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC)

- Is an area in the cell where microtubules are produced.

A

Centrosome

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15
Q

Is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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16
Q

Contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intercellular digestion.

A

Lysosomes

17
Q

Are responsible for protecting the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.

A

Peroxisomes

18
Q

Cell secretions - e.g. hormones, neurotransmitters - are packaged in secretory vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. The _____ are then transported to the cell surface for release.

A

Secretory Vesicles

19
Q
  • Acts as a protective barrier to the uncontrolled flow of water.
  • A double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer)
A

Cell Membrane

20
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

21
Q

Water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

22
Q

Provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract. A powerhouse of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

Is a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products.

  • Tends to be larger in plants and smaller in animals.
  • Plays several roles including storing nutrients and waste products.
A

Vacuole

24
Q
  • Vast network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules.
  • Is so named because it appears smooth by electron microscopy.
  • Plays different functions depending on the specific cell type including lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells, and control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction
A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

25
Q

Appears “pebbled” by electron microscopy due to the presence of numerous ribosomes on its surface

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

26
Q

They are the site of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

27
Q

Helps maintain cell shape, but primary importance is in cell motility.

A

Cytoskeleton

28
Q

Provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier.

A

Cell Wall

29
Q

These organelles contain the plant cell’s chlorophyll responsible for the plant’s green color and the ability to absorb energy from sunlight

A

Chloroplast

30
Q

Smaller, DNA in nucleoid region, single-celled, anaerobic respiration, no membrane-bound organelles

A

Prokaryotic cell

31
Q

Larger, DNA within membrane bound nucleus, multicellular, aerobic respiration, membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic cell

32
Q

Where microtubules are produced

A

Centrosome

Biology Lesson 1 and 2 (2 decks)

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