MITOCHONDRIA Flashcards
___ are organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work.
Not part of the ___ system.
Have double ____.
Have proteins made by free ___.
MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS
ENDOMEMBRANE
MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES
CATABOLIC PATHWAYS AND REDOX REACTIONS
End product = ___
By product =___
Endergonic = ___
Greek = ___ air, ___ life.
Most efficient catabolic pathway.
Foods/fuel = ___
ATP
CO2 & H2O
EXERGONIC
AER, BIOS
CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, PROTEIN
C6H12O6 + 6___ > 6CO__ + __ 2O + ENERGY (___+___).
O2
2
6H
ATP + HEAT
LEORA - ___;
GEROA - ___;
LOSS OF ELECTRON; REDUCING AGENT
GAIN OF ELECTRON; OXIDIZING AGENT
Means “sugar splitting”
6-carbon sugar___
broken down into 2-3 carbon sugars called___
occurs in the____
ATP is formed by ____
GLYCOLYSIS
GLUCOSE
PYRUVATE
CYTOSOL
SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
2 phases of glycolysis; ___&___
Cell actually ____
___ reduced to ___ by electrons released from glucose oxidation.
Net energy production from glycolysis is ___+___, and 2 ___ per glucose molecule
ENERGY INVESTMENT & ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE
CONSUME ATP
NAD+, NADH
2 ATP + 2 NADH, 2 PYRUVATE
Product of glycolysis
2 PYRUVATE
2 ATP
2 NADH
End-product of glycolysis, derived from additional sources in the cellular cytoplasm.
Fully oxidation of P’s carboxyl group ___&___.
Remaining __ carbon fragments is ___.
Attachment of ____
PYRUVATE
-COO & release odds CO2
2 = OXIDIZED
CO-ENZYME A
Enzyme responsible for the catalyzation of 3 steps in pyruvate oxidation____.
Must enter the mitochondrion via ____, with the help of a ____.
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
ACTIVE TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT PROTEIN
TCA cycle, also known as krebs cycle or ______. Important cell’s metabolic hub. Also occurs in mitochondrial matrix.
___ identified several important reactions in these metabolic processes in ___.
There are __ steps in TCA cycle.
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI = 1937
8 STEPS
TCA cycle produce: ____
CARBON
NADH
FADH2
ATP
GTP
The electron transport chain is in the ___ of the mitochondrion.
Most of the chain’s components are ___, which exist in multi-protein complexes.
Electrons are transferred from ___ or ___ to the ETC.
passed through a number of proteins including ___
___ Generates no ATP.
___ process which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion..
Greek ___ = push
CRISTAE
PROTEINS
NADH OR FADH2
CYTOCHROMES
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
CHEMIOSMOSIS
OSMOS
The resulting H+ gradient is referred to as a ____.
The force drives H+ back across the membrane tru the H+ channels provide by ___.
ADP + ___ > ATP as __ diffuses back into matrix.
1 glucose yields __-__ net ATP
PROTON MOTIVE FORCE
ATP SYNTHASES
P¡ = H+
26-28
During cellular respiration, most energy flows in this sequence:
About ___% of energy in a glucose molecule.. making about __ ATP
3 main department of this metabolic enterprise.
GLUCOSE-NADH-ETC-PROTON-MOTIVE FORCE-ATP
34%
32 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVATE OXIDATION
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Review several reasons why number of ATP is not known.
PPT
