Mitigation Part A Flashcards
Adaptation actions get harder with more warming what are the four adaptation decision levels?
- Site
- Planting
- Farming
- Winemaking
What are two site level decisions?
- New Climate
- New Soil
What are four planting level decisions?
- Row Direction
- Trellising
- Rootstock
- Variety
What are three farming level decisions?
- Pest Management
- Canopy Management
- Irrigation
What are two winemaking level decisions?
- De-alcoholization
- Acid additions
Flavor intensity via sensory graph showing the relationship between fruity character, veggie character and brix
In order to get a balance, the graph shows that around 24 and 25 brix are the optimum for ripening
We dont want to postpone everything! What do we want to postpone and what do we not want to postpone?
We dont want to postpone everything, we want to postpone sugar, but not color accumulation
Why is there a change in higher vigor and why do we want it
Higher competition with ripening
Delay ripening by…
increasing competition with vegetative sinks
If higher vigor roostocks are chosen
vine spacing will need to be adapted.
Having the fruiting area higher off the ground could be better for (2)
- Avoidance of Spring Frost
- Avoidance of splash effect for pest management
Tendone can promote_______.
What are the two main factors that cause this?
High Yield
- Very high light interception
- High photosynthetic potential
Yield can be used to regulate ripening, but…
If you keep increasing yield you can spoil the quality
What do we need to take into account when considering sugar?
Leaf area is producing the sugar
What is another alternative to VSP?
Sprawl canopy (Single high-wire trellis)
We can say that sprawl canopy can warrant _________ to the clusters, but also a _______
- better light microclimate
- higher photosynthetic efficiency
What are the two easiest ways to delay ripening?
- Increasing yield (calibrated increase of vine yield)
- increasing competitions among vegetative sinks (shoot trimming)
Optimal condition for ripening is when shoot length stops around veraison, as there is no competition, however some competition during the ripening stage is good, how do we trigger this?
late water irrigation makes more late vegetative growth, this can delay ripening as well
What is Acrotony?
shows that the apical buds will burst first.
Classic Winter pruning is _________, late pruning can be __________, very late pruning can be when __________.
- during dormancy
- during bud bulging or until you have max of 2 unfolded leaves on the apical shoot
- there are 4 or 5 leaves on the apical shoot
If we plot together the plot that describe the shoot growth and the double sigmoid berry growth curve, we can see that if the shoots stop growing before veraison, like in this situation, it would be an optimal situation for ripening because…
we would not expect any competition among clusters and other sinks (shoots).
Maximum photosynthetic rate, according to leaf age is around
35 -40 days of age
When looking at photosynthetic rate between SWP, LWP, VLWP we can see that…
The maximum photosynthetic rate is highest with LWP and even in its decline it is higher than SWP.
Why is there a higher amount of total phenolics, color, and brix with LWP because….
We also see a reduction in what with LWP and is this good or bad?
- The photosynthetic efficiency was higher because the canopy was younger.
We can also see a reduction in yield and this can be good for vine balance
We want to have at least ______ on each cane then late we can go down to ______, you can wait until the stage of _______ and then we cut down to ______.
- 8-9 nodes
- 2-3 nodes
- two unfolded leaves
- 2-3 nodes.
With guyot we are removing as much leaf area as the spur pruned cordon. With guyot, however….
the cordon pruned just removes one shoot so the LWP effect has very little to no effect for this training system.
When we track fruit color and veraison with different pruning dates, what can we see?
That even with a huge variability in pruning dates the color change and veraison consistently catch up
When we start removing more than _____________ we will have a consistent _________.
- 2000 cm2 of leaf area (0.2 m2)
- yield reduction.
What is one chemical that can be used for Chemical Removal
Ammonium
For the table showing the effects of dormant bud forcing on fruit composition of Pinot Noir grapes, we can see that there is…
Yield per vine is higher
How do we achieve dormant bud forcing?
by removing shoot tips, clusters, leaves, and laterals to force regrowth, to shift fruit ripening, and fruit quality
If we remove the younger lateral shoots in order to promote the growth of the dormant buds….
this can result in double cropping
