Mitigation Part A

Question 1

Adaptation actions get harder with more warming what are the four adaptation decision levels?

Answer 1

1. Site
2. Planting
3. Farming
4. Winemaking

Question 2

What are two site level decisions?

Answer 2

1. New Climate
2. New Soil

Question 3

What are four planting level decisions?

Answer 3

1. Row Direction
2. Trellising
3. Rootstock
4. Variety

Question 4

What are three farming level decisions?

Answer 4

1. Pest Management
2. Canopy Management
3. Irrigation

Question 5

What are two winemaking level decisions?

Answer 5

1. De-alcoholization
2. Acid additions

Question 6

Flavor intensity via sensory graph showing the relationship between fruity character, veggie character and brix

Answer 6

In order to get a balance, the graph shows that around 24 and 25 brix are the optimum for ripening

Question 7

We dont want to postpone everything! What do we want to postpone and what do we not want to postpone?

Answer 7

We dont want to postpone everything, we want to postpone sugar, but not color accumulation

Question 8

Why is there a change in higher vigor and why do we want it

Answer 8

Higher competition with ripening

Question 9

Delay ripening by…

Answer 9

increasing competition with vegetative sinks

Question 10

If higher vigor roostocks are chosen

Answer 10

vine spacing will need to be adapted.

Question 11

Having the fruiting area higher off the ground could be better for (2)

Answer 11

1. Avoidance of Spring Frost
2. Avoidance of splash effect for pest management

Question 12

Tendone can promote_______.
What are the two main factors that cause this?

Answer 12

High Yield

1. Very high light interception
2. High photosynthetic potential

Question 13

Yield can be used to regulate ripening, but…

Answer 13

If you keep increasing yield you can spoil the quality

Question 14

What do we need to take into account when considering sugar?

Answer 14

Leaf area is producing the sugar

Question 15

What is another alternative to VSP?

Answer 15

Sprawl canopy (Single high-wire trellis)

Question 16

We can say that sprawl canopy can warrant _________ to the clusters, but also a _______

Answer 16

1. better light microclimate
2. higher photosynthetic efficiency

Question 17

What are the two easiest ways to delay ripening?

Answer 17

1. Increasing yield (calibrated increase of vine yield)
2. increasing competitions among vegetative sinks (shoot trimming)

Question 18

Optimal condition for ripening is when shoot length stops around veraison, as there is no competition, however some competition during the ripening stage is good, how do we trigger this?

Answer 18

late water irrigation makes more late vegetative growth, this can delay ripening as well

Question 19

What is Acrotony?

Answer 19

shows that the apical buds will burst first.

Question 20

Classic Winter pruning is _________, late pruning can be __________, very late pruning can be when __________.

Answer 20

1. during dormancy
2. during bud bulging or until you have max of 2 unfolded leaves on the apical shoot
3. there are 4 or 5 leaves on the apical shoot

Question 21

If we plot together the plot that describe the shoot growth and the double sigmoid berry growth curve, we can see that if the shoots stop growing before veraison, like in this situation, it would be an optimal situation for ripening because…

Answer 21

we would not expect any competition among clusters and other sinks (shoots).

Question 22

Maximum photosynthetic rate, according to leaf age is around

Answer 22

35 -40 days of age

Question 23

When looking at photosynthetic rate between SWP, LWP, VLWP we can see that…

Answer 23

The maximum photosynthetic rate is highest with LWP and even in its decline it is higher than SWP.

Question 24

Why is there a higher amount of total phenolics, color, and brix with LWP because….

We also see a reduction in what with LWP and is this good or bad?

Answer 24

1. The photosynthetic efficiency was higher because the canopy was younger.

We can also see a reduction in yield and this can be good for vine balance

Question 25

We want to have at least ______ on each cane then late we can go down to ______, you can wait until the stage of _______ and then we cut down to ______.

Answer 25

1. 8-9 nodes
2. 2-3 nodes
3. two unfolded leaves
4. 2-3 nodes.

Question 26

With guyot we are removing as much leaf area as the spur pruned cordon. With guyot, however….

Answer 26

the cordon pruned just removes one shoot so the LWP effect has very little to no effect for this training system.

Question 27

When we track fruit color and veraison with different pruning dates, what can we see?

Answer 27

That even with a huge variability in pruning dates the color change and veraison consistently catch up

Question 28

When we start removing more than _____________ we will have a consistent _________.

Answer 28

1. 2000 cm2 of leaf area (0.2 m2)
2. yield reduction.

Question 29

What is one chemical that can be used for Chemical Removal

Answer 29

Ammonium

Question 30

For the table showing the effects of dormant bud forcing on fruit composition of Pinot Noir grapes, we can see that there is…

Answer 30

Yield per vine is higher

Question 31

How do we achieve dormant bud forcing?

Answer 31

by removing shoot tips, clusters, leaves, and laterals to force regrowth, to shift fruit ripening, and fruit quality

Question 32

If we remove the younger lateral shoots in order to promote the growth of the dormant buds….

Answer 32

this can result in double cropping