Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

Question 1

What does URBAN DESIGN refer to?

Answer 1

Urban design involves the arrangement, function and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, services & other amenities in towns, suburbs and cities.

Question 2

2 examples of an MITIGATION Strategy in URBAN DESIGN?

Answer 2

1- The use of LED lights for street lighting.

2- Planning suburbs so that car use is reduced

Question 3

4 Important issues that Urban Design can help us adapt to are:

Answer 3

1- Changing rainfall patterns
2- Increased bushfire risk
3- Heat waves
4- The effects of rising sea levels

Question 4

CHANGING RAINFALL PATTERNS present 2 problems for Australian towns & cities such as:

Answer 4

1- Reduction in rainfall

2- How urban areas deal with intense rainfall events & possible flooding

Question 5

What 2 URBAN DESIGN Strategies can assist in minimising/reducing the impact of flash flooding:

Answer 5

1- The design and planting of vegetated areas in suburbs.

2- Incorporating wetlands in urban designs, improves the quality of the stormwater & supports biodiversity within urban areas.

Question 6

How can HEAT WAVES be accommodated by a URBAN DESIGN:

Answer 6

Planting trees to provide moisture & shade in built-up areas.

This reduces the urban heat island effect created when concrete or metal surfaces absorb & re-emit the Sun’s energy.

Question 7

What 4 URBAN DESIGNS are energy efficient within homes:

Answer 7

1- Insulation

2- Aspect

3- Thermal Mass

4- The use of low-energy materials

Question 8

What do GEO-ENGINEERING STRATEGIES aim to do:

Answer 8

Reduce the amount of light reaching Earth;s surface or reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.

Question 9

6 Ways to Potentially Managing Solar Radiation by GEO-ENGINEERING:

Answer 9

1- Space-based reflection in orbit

2- Aersols injected into the stratosphere from tethered balloons.

3- Cloud brightening by spraying water droplets into the clouds.

4- Injected bubbles into the ocean to make areas more reflective.

5- Using reflective surfaces on structures to reduce light absorption

6- Planting vegetation to reduce surface light absorption

Question 10

What does CARBON SEQUESTRATION mean? And how is it done (2 examples)?

Answer 10

The removal of CO2 from the atmosphere & storing it on Earth.

It can be done by planting more trees to absorb CO2.

OR

More technologically sophisticated such as MINERAL CARBONATAION (which mimics the long-term weathering of rocks).

Question 11

What is SOLAR ENERGY?

Answer 11

Is a radiant light that is harnessed alongside heat from the Sun using a RANGE OF EVER-EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES.

Question 12

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY:

Answer 12

• Reduces Carbon Footprint
  -Environmentally Friendly
  -Pollution Free
  -Can reduce electricity bill.

Question 13

DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY:

Answer 13

-Expensive to install
-Depends on the weather/climate
-Less efficient over time

Question 14

What is HYDROELECTRICITY?

Answer 14

Uses the force of water to generate electricity

Question 15

EXAMPLE Of HYDROELECTRICITY:

Answer 15

Hydroelectric Dams.

-They generate electricity as water, usually from a reservoir or dam, passes through a generator known as a turbine.

Question 16

ADVANTAGES of HYDROELECTRICITY:

Answer 16

-High efficiency
-Renewable + sustainable energy source
-Safe
-No maintenance cost

Question 17

DISADVANTAGES of HYDROELECTRICITY:

Answer 17

-Expensive upfront

-Some environmental impacts; may obstruct fish migration, natural water temperature and river flow.

Question 18

What is GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?

Answer 18

A renewable energy source that harnesses heat from the Earth’s core for electricity generation or direct Heating and cooling.

Question 19

ADVANTAGES of GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:

Answer 19

-Renewable & sustainable energy source
-Constant
-Reliable
-Minimal environmental impact & land use

Question 20

DISADVANTAGES of GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:

Answer 20

-High upfront costs, for exploration & drilling.
-Can trigger small earthquakes in some cases.
-Geographically limited

Question 21

EXAMPLE of how Aboriginal People have allowed them to be sustainable & energy-efficient

Answer 21

Aboriginal groups use SEASONAL CALENDARS to anticipate the coming of seasonal food sources, breeding seasons and when plants are ready to harvest. This detailed understanding of the landscape and its seasonal patterns is central to many Aboriginal peoples’ approach to land management.

Question 22

What is FIRE-STICK FARMINING?

Answer 22

Fire stick farming is a way of managing the environment Aboriginal communities have practised for tens of thousands of years.

It improves the health of the land and wildlife by setting cool burns, generally spot fires with smaller, more controlled flames during the early, cool dry season.

This helps prevent the build-up of vegetation that leads to the larger, hotter, uncontrolled fires of Australia’s scorching months.

Fire stick farming also supresses weeds and improves conditions for native wildlife, plants and grasses.

It’s also used to create or clear pathways to gain better access to Country for cultural purposes.