mitigation Flashcards
define the term disaster
when the effects of a hazard exceed the capacity of a country/ community/ household
define the term vulnerability
the risk of exposure to hazards combined with an inability to cope with them
define the term resilience
the degree to which a population or environment can absorb a hazardous event and yet remain within the same state of organisation
what is the disaster risk equation
Risk = (frequency or magnitude of hazard) times (level of vulnerability) divided by capacity of population to cope and adapt
what five factors does the level of impact depend on
- records of past events and time gap in between past events
- magnitude of tectonic activity
- attitude and resilience of people affected
- hazards generated
- the number of people living in the area affected
what is parks model
a model that explains the process of recovering from a tectonic event
what are the five stages of parks model
stage 1: modifying the cause and event
stage 2: hazardous event occurs
stage 3: search rescue and car
stage 4: relief and rehabilitation period
stage 5: permanent rebuilding of physical and social infrastructure to reduce vulnerability and restore normality
what is the main way that we can modify the event for earthquakes
prediction
what two ways can we modify the event of an earthquake
build channels/ barriers and cool with water
what are the two main issues with building barriers and cooling lava with water for modifying a volcanic eruption
only works for basaltic lave and not feasible for the majority of explosive volcanoes
what is an example of when a volcanic eruption was cooled with lava
lava from the Eldfell volcano was stopped from reaching the local town in 1973 when 6.8 billion tonnes of sea water was used to cool the lava
