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Parasitology > Mites, Lice, & Fleas - Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Mites, Lice, & Fleas - Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

Lice
1. Disease:
2. Transmission:
3. Zoonosis:

A
  1. Disease:
    - Irritation, rubbing, scratching, biting, sleeplessness, nervous, alopecia
  2. Transmission:
    - Highly contagious withing species via direct contact w/host or indirect contact
    - Not shared between cats and dogs NORMALLY
  3. Zoonosis:
    - No zoonotic risk
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2
Q

What is an ectoparasite?

A

Lives on or outside the hosts body

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3
Q

Ectoparasite control (4)

A
  1. Correct identification
  2. Understanding life cycle
  3. Treatment of animals
  4. Prevention:
    - Environmental control
    - Strategic insecticides
    - Client ed
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4
Q

Anthropods (phylum)
Classes:
1. Insecta
2. Acarina

A
  1. Fleas, lice, biting flies
  2. Mites and ticks
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5
Q

Diagnostic procedures for ectoparasites (3)

A
  1. Visual exam (gross)
  2. Skin scraping (mineral oil)
  3. Cellophane tape
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6
Q

Skin scrape
1. Indication:
2. Tools: (3)
3. Technique: (~10)

A
  1. Indication:
    - For collection of mites that live in and on the skin
  2. Tools:
    - #10 scalpel blade
    - Mineral oil
    - Microscope slides
  3. Technique:
    - Choose sites w/hair loss
    - Dull blade
    - Mineral oil on slide and blade
    - Scrape skin in one direction, careful to not cut skin w/blade
    - Collect until capillary blood is visualized
    - Place on slide
    - Collect from 3 to 4 sites
    - Important for monitoring therapy success
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7
Q

Tape prep
1. Indication:
2. Tools: (3)
3. Technique: (3)

A
  1. Indication:
    - Collection of lice, mites (yeast) for identification from surface of skin
  2. Tools:
    - Cellophane tape
    - Microscope slide
    - Mineral oil
  3. Technique:
    - Use adhesive of tape to collect sample
    - Place mineral oil on slide
    - Place tape over mineral oil on slide
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8
Q

Lice: Mallophaga
1. Type:
2. Body description:
3. Host specificity:

A
  1. Type:
    - Chewing or biting lice (usually feed on dander)
  2. Body description:
    - Wingless, flat bodies with wide heads, yellow
  3. Host specificity:
    - Species specific (mammal or bird)
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9
Q

Lice: Anoplura
1. Type:
2. Body description:
3. Host specificity:

A
  1. Type:
    - Sucking lice
  2. Body description:
    - Red to gray, depends on last blood feeding
    - Narrow heads
  3. Host specificity:
    - Claws are species specific
    - Don’t occur in cats or birds
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10
Q

Mites
Class: Acarina (related to ticks)

  1. Burrowing mites (4)
  2. Surface mites (4)
A
  1. Burrowing:
    - Sarcoptes: Dog common
    - Notoedres
    - Cnemidocoptes
    - Demodex: Dog common
  2. Surface:
    - Psoroptes: Rabbit common
    - Chorioptes
    - Otodectes: Cat common
    - Cheyletiella: Rabbit common
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11
Q

Sarcoptes
1. Most common in:
2. Zoonosis:
3. Life stage:

Hint: They are all pedicled (have feet)

A
  1. Most common in:
    - Dogs & swine
  2. Zoonosis:
    - They are a zoonotic mite
  3. Life stage:
    - Entire 4 life stages spent on host
    - Male & female breed on skin surface
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12
Q

T/F: Sarcoptes are all pedicled (have feet) and tunnel within the epidermis

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Sarcoptes infestation is extremely puritic & severe hair/wool loss is common

A

True

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14
Q

Demodex canis
1. Common found on:
2. Clinical disease:
3. Diagnosis:
4. Treatment:

A
  1. Common found on:
    - Hair follicles of dogs & most species are considered normal flora
  2. Clinical disease:
    - Most do not develop clinical disease
    - Older than 1yr old dogs develop alopecia, bad sign. Typically due to immune system w/host
  3. Diagnosis:
    - Microscope exam on a skin scrape
    - Count number of adults, juveniles, & eggs of entire slide
  4. Treatment:
    - May not need treatment in young puppies
    - Others may require aggressive therapy oral meds
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15
Q

Psoroptes is…

A

A family of mites reside on the surface of the skin or within the external ear canal

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16
Q

Psoroptes
1. Life cycle:
2. Transmission:
3. Clinical signs:
4. Diagnosis:

A
  1. Life cycle:
    - Entire spent on host (5 stages)
  2. Transmission:
    - Between cats and dogs
    - Scratch ears and shake head
  3. Clinical signs:
    - Severe: head tilt, circling, convulsions, & ear hematomas
    - Head shaking, scratching
    - Secondary infections are common
  4. Diagnosis:
    - Ear cytology in mineral oil
    - Mites: usually moving
    - Eggs
17
Q

T/F: Psoroptes cuniculi

A
18
Q

Sheep Keds
1. Shape:
2. Life cycle:
3. Signs:

A
  1. Shape:
    - Wingless flies
  2. Life cycle:
    - Entire life cycle on host
  3. Signs:
    - Severe anemia
    - Damage to wool
19
Q

What is a fly strike?

A

When flies cause skin trauma due to multiple bites in a small area.
Commonly occurs around the eyes and head

20
Q

What is the process of Myiasis?

Hint: This happened to Dahlia

A

Process of fly larval development in the tissues of the host.

21
Q

Gastrophilus: Found in stomach of horses
1. Appearance:
2. Lifecycle:
3. Zoonosis:

A
  1. Appearance:
    - Adults are “Bee like”
  2. Lifecycle:
    - Lay eggs on hairs of horse
    - Horse ingests eggs, they migrate to GI tract
    - Potential for mucosal damage to be severe
  3. Zoonosis:
    - Rare
22
Q

T/F: Potential for mucosal damage to be severe in gastrophilus in horses

A

True

23
Q

Hypoderma “Cattle grub”
1. Life cycle:
2. Clinical signs:

A
  1. Adults lay eggs on hocks of cattle and larva burrow into skin and migrate to dorsum to develop over the winter
  2. Annoyance
    - Rarely paralysis if toxin released by bot in spinal cord
24
Q

T/F: Hypoderma can downgrade the meat of cattle

A

True

25
Q

T/F: Hypoderma “Cattle Grub” can cause paralysis in cattle during extraction if toxins of the bot are released into and enter the spinal cord

A

True

26
Q

Cuterebra “Rodent Bot”
1. Life cycle:
2. Accidental hosts:

A
  1. Adult flies lay eggs in burrow opening of rodents
  2. Cats and dogs
27
Q

T/F: It isn’t important that the bot be ruptured during removal

A

False! Severe allergic reactions can occur if this happens

Parasitology (13 decks)

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