Mites

Question 1

What are the 3 orders of mites?

Answer 1

Astigmata, prostigmata and mesostigmata

Question 2

What are the 3 families of astigmata mites?

Answer 2

Sarcoptidae, knemidokoptidae and psoroptidae

Question 3

What are the 2 families of mesostigmata mites?

Answer 3

Macronyssidae or dermanyssidae

Question 4

What are the 3 families of prostigmata mites?

Answer 4

Demodicae, cheyletiellidae and trombiculidae

Question 5

What species is responsible for feline scabies?

Answer 5

Notodores cati

Question 6

What species is responsible for sarcoptic mange? Which species suffer from this mite?

Answer 6

Sarcoptes scabei.
Dogs - pinnae, elbow and ventrum
Pig - external ear canal and dorsum

Question 7

Why is a biopsy difficult to locate for sarcoptes scabei?

Answer 7

Large eggs are found in the epidermis of the skin, and the females burrow into the upper layers of the skin.

Question 8

What is the survival off-host and the time of a life cycle of sarcoptes scabei?

Answer 8

Survival off-host: 2-3 weeks

Egg -> adult: 17-21 days

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of sarcoptes scabei?

Answer 9

Intense itching
Inflammation
Hair loss
Self-inflicted wounds
Dried exudate
Death - 2-4 months

Question 10

What species is responsible for guinea pig scabies?

Answer 10

Trixicarus cavaie

Question 11

What are the species of sarcoptidae?

Answer 11

Sarcoptes scabei
Trixicarus cavaie
Notoedres cati

Question 12

What are the species of psoroptidae?

Answer 12

Otodectes cynotis
Chorioptes bovis
Psoroptes cuniculi
Psoroptes ovis

Question 13

What is the pre-adult period, adult lifespan and off-host survival of psoroptes ovis?

Answer 13

Pre-adult period: 10-15 days
Adult lifespan: 20 days
Off-host survival: 16-18 days

Question 14

What control measures are in place against psoroptes ovis?

Answer 14

Dip
Inject
Treat all new arrivals
Check fences and gates
Treat in autumn/Winter

Question 15

What disease is caused by psoroptes cuniculi?

Answer 15

Ear scab

Question 16

What is the host of psoroptes cuniculi?

Answer 16

Alpaca
Rabbits
Sheep
Goat
Antelope

Question 17

Where can chorioptes bovis be found?

Answer 17

Lower legs
Base of tail perineum
Udder

Question 18

What is the host of chorioptes bovis?

Answer 18

Camelids
Goats
Horse
Cattle

Question 19

What is the lifecycle and lifetime output of chorioptes bovis?

Answer 19

Lifecycle: 3 weeks

Lifetime output: 20 eggs

Question 20

What is the relative pathogenicity of chorioptes bovis in relation to psoroptes?

Answer 20

Less pathogenic than psoroptes

Question 21

Where can otodectes cynotis be found?

Answer 21

Deep in the ear canals of dogs and cats

Question 22

What is the length of survival and number of eggs produced of otodectes cynotis?

Answer 22

Live for: 2-3 weeks

Eggs produced: 15-20

Question 23

What are the species of knemidokoptidae and what diseases are they responsible for?

Answer 23

K. gallinae -> depluming itch in birds

K. mutans -> Scaly leg in chickens

Question 24

What is the lifecycle of a demodex mite?

Answer 24

18-24 days

Question 25

How is a demodex mite passed between species?

Answer 25

Commensal. From the young suckling the dam.

Question 26

Where are demodex mites found?

Answer 26

Sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Question 27

How can the presence of demodex mites be diagnosed?

Answer 27

Skin scrapings Deep skin scrapings. Hair plucks Skin biopsy

Question 28

What is the pathogenesis of demodex mites?

Answer 28

Follicular epithelium infilitrated with CD3+ & CD8+ t-cells | Decreased Th-1 cell activity, so decreased IL-2 production and it's receptor.

Question 29

What is the length of survival off-host with cheyletiellidae mites?

Answer 29

<10 days

Question 30

What disease is caused by trombiculidae mites?

Answer 30

Pruritic skin disease. Due to development of hypersensitivity.

Question 31

Describe the lifecycle of trombiculidae mites.

Answer 31

Larvae attaches to host for 3 days and feeds on tissue fluid. Then it falls off to complete it's lifecycle. Its is present on vegetation in mid/late summer -> autumn

Question 32

What is the species of Northern Fowl mite?

Answer 32

Ornthonyssus sylvarium

Question 33

What is the off-host survival of Ornthonyssus sylvarium?

Answer 33

1-3 weeks

Question 34

What is the life cycle on the host of Ornthonyssus sylvarium?

Answer 34

5-12 days Eggs are laid at the base of the feathers. Only the protonymph and adults feeds.

Question 35

What is the species of red mite?

Answer 35

Dermanyssus gallinae

Question 36

What is the off-host survival and lifecyle of dermanyssus gallinae?

Answer 36

Off-host survival: 34 weeks | Lifecycle: 7 days, which is off of the host. They feed at night.

Question 37

How are mesostigmata mites managed?

Answer 37

``` Sprays Isoazolines Avoid wild birds Licenced cleaning products. Deep clean Uncontaminated bedding. ```

Question 38

What are the clinical signs of mesostigmata mites?

Answer 38

Decreased egg production Death Severe anaemia Irritant to the birds